IE Training
- 2. Work study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying on the recourse and to set up standard of performance for the activities being carried out.
- 3. Education with matriculation better skill a university education, preferably in the engineering or business fields.
- 4. •Simplify or modify the operation to reduce unnecessary work. •Increase production or productivity •Setting time standard. •Reduce cost by most effective usage of inputs. •Improvement of condition which involve an element of excessive fatigue or danger. •Improve Quality. •Evaluation of human work.
- 5. •Land and building. •Materials(That can be converted into product) •Energy (power) Electricity, oil, solar power etc. •Machine and Equipment: (For operational activities, transport, heating, air, and conditional office equipment). •Man power recourse (man power). People how are tried to perform operational activities. In Words – Man, Machine, Materials, Money, Method.
- 6. To increase company profit. Savings means to stop the unnecessary things of the factory is as, •Manpower: Extra manpower release •Over time: Extra time reduce •Maximum utilization of inputs.
- 7. •Workers not support. •Sometimes production staff does not support. •Sometime they can say “what you know” •Sometime they blame.
- 8. . Work measurement (time it takes to the job) Method study (better way to do the job) Work-study Higher Productivities
- 9. Work plan engineering. Motion study. Minimum work plan. Maximum work plan.
- 10. Time study. GSD Sew easy. Capacity study. Historical data Analytical Estimating.
- 11. Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of way of doing things in order make improvements. •Simply the task. •Eliminate unnecessary motions. •Reduced inherent work content. •Engineering the production
- 12. Work measurement is the application of techniques design to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a task at a defined rate of working. •Measure work content. •Determine the time. •Key to scientific measurement
- 13. •Set target. •Calculate efficiency. •Determine cost. •Man power allocation. •Production planning& control. •Inactive schemes.
- 14. •Time study. -directly observing an operator. •Pre-determined motion time study system (pmts). -analyzing the motion used to carry out the activity. •Analysis the past record. -using previous record studied available in the factory.
- 15. •Select: The job to be studied. •Record: By collecting data or direct observation. •Examine: By challenging purpose, place sequence & methods of work •Develop: New method drawing on contribution of those concerned. •Evaluation: Result of different alternative solution. •Define: New methods & present it. •Install: New methods and train person in applying it. •Maintain: Establish control process.
- 16. •Reduce the number of motions. •Reduce the distances moved. •Reduce the eye shaft. •Simplify grasp. •Toss dispose rather than place dispose. •Best use of both hands. •Encourage rhythm. •Promote natural pasture & movements
- 17. •Both hands same time. •Both hands not be idle. •Motions of arms simultaneous. •Continuous curved movements are preferred. •Eye movements are confined to a comfortable area, without the need frequent chances of focus. •Eye-hand co-ordination. •Order of movements natural of rhythm. •Hand and body motions lowest classification.
- 18. Productivity is ratio of input and output .productivity is needed to reduce cost of product. Productivity= Input Output
- 19. •Definition: SMV is the time taken by a qualified worker to perform a specified task in a defined level of performance. • SMV = Basic time x allowance •Basic time = Observed time x rating%
- 20. •To calculate the individual operator target. •To calculate the section target. •For man power allocation. •For product costing. •For production planning. •Evaluate the performance. •For set the incentive levels.
- 21. There are three types of fabric •Woven •Knit •Non woven
- 22. •Standard minute value. •How to calculate SMV? •What are the methods to calculate SMV? Time study PMTS(Predetermine motion time study
- 23. (No of operator + helper)* working time X 100 Formula: SMV X no of good garment
- 24. •Excess product variety. •Lack of standardization. •Design change. •Bad planning. •Lack of fabric & accessories. •Badly maintained machine. •Accident. •Poor service. •Absence, lateness, laziness. •Talking •Carelessness •Accidents due to carelessness.
- 25. Definition of time study: Time study is a work measurement techniques for recording the time of performing a certain specific job or its elements carried out under specified conditions and for analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for an operation to carry out at a define rate of performance.
- 26. •Stand diagonally behind the operator about 1.5-2.0meters. •Take more than 20 observations. •Record relevant detailed about the method and the machine.
- 27. •Method study should be done. •Method study produces the required quality. •For new methods plenty of time should give to settle down. •Operator should be rate between 70%-110%. •Inform the supervisor before start. •Operator should not be disturbed during the study. •Ensure operator gets enough supply.
- 28. •Definite and fixed location. •Pre position reduces reach. •Gravity feed. •Tools and materials, best sequence of motions. •Drop deliveries whenever possible. •Chair height of the work place & comfort. •Color contrast with that of the work & reduce eye fatigue.
- 29. •Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job the operative and surrounding condition which is likely to affect the carrying out the work. •Recording a complete description of the method breaking down the operation into elements. (Break down the elements). •Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method of motions is being used and determining the sample size.
- 30. •Measuring with a timing device (stop watch) and recording the same time taken by the operation to perform each elements of the operation. •At the same time assessing the effective speed of the working of the operator relative to the observes concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating. •Convert the observed time to basic times (basic time calculation). •Adding necessary allowance to the basic time. •Determining the standard time for the operation
- 31. Rating is the assessment of the workers rate of working relative to the observer’s concept of rate corresponding to standard place.
- 32. •Standard worker is not available all the time. •Different people take different times. •To compare the observed worker with a qualified worker. •To convert the observed time to a time a qualified worker would likely to take.
- 33. •Establish in mind how standard worker should work. •Compare the effective needs of the observed worker with standard worker. In terms of Skills: The techniques apply to perform the job. Effort: Expression of the will to work efficiency.
- 34. 50 : Very slow - not interest 75 : steady –unhurried 100 :brisk –businesses like (standard) 125 : Very fast – above average 150 : Outstanding- unusual
- 35. An element is a distinct part of a specified job selected for convenience of observation measurement and analysis.
- 36. •To give a systematic detailed specialization of work. •To identify subsequent omissions or insertions elements. •Operation may not work at the same place throughout the operation. •To extract the time for certain parts. •To keep the concentration of the time study officer.
- 37. •Repetitive elements: Repetitive elements are elements which are occurring every work cycle of an operation. •Occasional elements: Occasional elements are an element which does not occur is every work cycle of an operation but which may occur at regular or irregular intervals. •Constant element: Constant element is an element for which the basic time remains constant whenever it is performed. •Variable elements: Variable elements are elements for which the basic time varies in relation to some characteristics of the product equipment or process.
- 38. •Machines elements: Machines elements is an elements performed automatically by any process physical, chemical or otherwise that once standard cannot be influence by worker except to determinate it prematurely. •Governing elements: Governing elements is an elements occurring a longer time with in a work cycle than that of any other elements which is being performed. •Foreign elements: Foreign elements are elements observed which does not form a part of the operation being studies.
- 39. •Easily identifiable beginning and ending (break point). •As short as can be conveniently timed (between 6.30 sec). • Re present naturally unified distinct segment of operation. •Separate machine and manual elements if possible. •Elements which do not occur every cycle should be timed separately before starting a time study.
- 40. •Standard Performance is the rate of output which qualified workers will naturally achieve without over exertion as an average over the working day or shift. Provide that they know adhere to the specified method and provided that they are motivated to apply themselves to their work. This performance is denoted as 100 on the standard rating and performance scales.
- 41. •Achieve smooth & consist movements. •Acquired rhythm. •Responds more rapidly to signals. •Anticipates difficulties and more ready to overcome them. •Carries out the task without giving the appearance of conscious attention and there for more relaxed.
- 42. •Avoidance of all unnecessary motions. •Shortest path of movements. •Sureness of touch and methods. •Smooth rather than jerky movements. •Consistently stick to the best methods. •Consistent cycle time. •Intelligent anticipation of the next move.
- 43. •Lack of rhythm. •Inconsistency. •Jerky movements.
- 44. A qualified worker is one who has acquired the skill; knowledge and other attributes t carry out the work in hand to satisfactory standards of quality, quantity and safety.
- 45. •First approach the supervisor before the operator. •Always be polite. •Ask permission to do the work study. •Stand in fall view of the operator. •Thanks the operator once the test is completed. •Make the operator feel relax.
- 46. •Flat bed machine •Raised bed machine •Cylinder bed machine •Side bed machine •Post bed machine
- 47. •Thread same or not(color) •SPI •Needle type. •Needle distance. •Attachment use or not. •Operator skills. •Consider for the machine feed.
- 48. As per the ISO classification there are mainly 6 stitch classes- •Class -100 chain stitch •Class -200 hand stitch •Class -300 lock stitch •Class -400 multithread chain stitch •Class- 500 over edge chain stitch •Class -600 covering stitch
- 49. Each loop is interconnected with the following with the same thread. Opposite side of the seam look different. This stitch type can be very easily unlocked by running back from the last stitch to the first. The seam is generally quite extensible. It is often used for temporary stitching.
- 50. Formed by single threads being passed completely from one side of the material to the other. The thread is held by the material originally made by hand, some of them can now also be formed by m/c.
- 51. Formed by two different thread systems. A needle thread introduced from one side of the material is interlaced with and under thread supplied from a spool from the other side. The stitch is different to unpick and both side have the same appearance generally, lock stitch are less extensible then chain stitch seam. This type finds the widest application. Two or more thread lock stitch using needle thread and one bobbin thread.
- 52. This also formed two thread systems. The loops of the needle thread are drawn all the way through the material and they are interconnected on the under side by thread supplied from a lopper.Top and bottom side have a different appearance. The stitch can easily be unpicked is quite extensible special applications are elastic cross over seams in knitted fabric and seam which have to be flat. Multi thread chain stitch using one or more needle thread and one or more loopers thread.
- 53. Over edge chain stitch are formed from one or more needle or lopper. Needle thread loops are taken all the way through the materials and interconnected with themselves or with other thread. At least one thread system passes around the edge of the materials. Over edge chain stitch of various types are used to neaten and to bund the cut edge woven and to knitted materials. Multithread over edge chain stitch using needle thread and lopper thread.
- 54. This stitch types is generally formed from three thread systems. The over thread lie on the top surface and are held in place by the needle threads which in turn are interlaced on the back of the seam by the lopper threads. They are used specially for making flat extensible seam in knit fabric.