IIoT Endpoint Security
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The document discusses the importance of endpoint security for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), highlighting the risks posed by unprotected devices which can lead to significant data breaches and service disruptions. It outlines the role of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) in promoting secure integration of IIoT systems and presents strategies for implementing effective endpoint security measures. The document also includes insights from experts at Wibu-Systems and Electric Imp on securing IIoT endpoints through comprehensive security models and managed services.
IIoT Endpoint Security
- 1. IIoT Endpoint Security – The Model in Practice February 22, 2017 Industrial Internet Security Framework #IICSeries
- 2. Guest Speakers 2 MARCELLUS BUCHHEIT President and CEO, Wibu-Systems USA Editor, Industrial Internet Consortium Security Framework @WibuSystems TERRENCE BARR Head of Solutions Engineering, Electric Imp, Inc. @electricimp
- 3. Motivation Unprotected devices in internet are dangerous! They can be used to: • Intrude into local networks: stealing or deleting private data • Block or alter websites or internet communication • Upload viruses and start Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks Additional for IIoT: • Shut down public or private services (electricity, water, sewer etc.) • Prevent commercial usage (production, hospitals, hotels, PoS etc.), • Damage or destroy industrial installations or produced parts 3
- 4. Motivation Unprotected devices problematic for component manufacturer • Example: FTC charges D-Link for unsecure routers and IP cameras • https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2017/01/ftc-charges-d-link-put-consumers-privacy-risk- due-inadequate Unprotected devices problematic for users/operators • Example: Point-of-Sale (POS) attack at Target end of 2013 • 40 million credit cards and 70 million addresses stolen • Target paid $50M+ for settlements • http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/target-hackers-broke-in-via-hvac-company/ 4
- 5. A few words about Wibu-Systems • Wibu-Systems was founded in 1989 in Germany • Global company targeting secure software licensing • Offer security and licensing solutions for IIoT systems and devices • More about the company: www.wibu.com • More about the key product: http://www.wibu.com/codemeter • More about IIoT security: http://www.wibu.com/embedded-software- security • And since 2015 member of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) 5
- 6. About the IIC Industrial Internet Consortium Security Webinar February 22, 2017 Kathy Walsh, walsh@iiconsortium.org Director of Marketing
- 7. The Industrial Internet is Leading the Next Economic Revolution 7GDP data extracted from the Futurist 2007
- 8. Bring Together the Players to Accelerate Adoption 8 Connectivity Standards Technology Research Academia Systems Integration Security Government Big Data Industries The Industrial Internet: A $32 trillion opportunity
- 9. The IIC: Things are Coming Together 9 Things are coming together. Academia Standards Research Systems Integration Government IndustriesConnectivity Technology Big Data Security
- 10. The Industrial Internet Consortium is a global, member supported organization that promotes the accelerated growth of the Industrial Internet of Things by coordinating ecosystem initiatives to securely connect, control and integrate assets and systems of assets with people, processes and data using common architectures, interoperability and open standards to deliver transformational business and societal outcomes across industries and public infrastructure. Launched in March 2014 by five founding members: AT&T, Cisco, General Electric, IBM & Intel. The IIC is an open, neutral “sandbox” where industry, academia and government meet to collaborate, innovate and enable. Industrial Internet Consortium Mission Over 250 Member Organizations Spanning 30 Countries
- 11. Securing IIoT Endpoints -- The Model Industrial Internet Consortium Security Webinar February 22, 2017 Marcellus Buchheit, mabu@wibu.com Wibu-Systems USA Inc.
- 12. Overview What is an endpoint? Why endpoint security? Security functions of an endpoint Implementing endpoint security 12
- 13. What is an Endpoint? 13 The IIoT Landscape: Where are Endpoints? E P E PE P E P E P E P E P
- 14. What is an Endpoint (II)? IISF and IIC defines endpoints similar as ISO/IEC 24791-1:2010 standard does: • An endpoint is one of two components that either implements and exposes an interface to other components or uses the interface of another component. 14 IIC simplified this definition (see IIC Vocabulary, version 2.0): • An endpoint is a component that has an interface for network communication.… but added a note for clarification: • An endpoint can be of various types including device endpoint or an endpoint that provides cloud connectivity. Endpoint 1 Endpoint 2 Communication
- 15. What is an Endpoint (III)? 15 The IIoT Landscape: Endpoints are everywhere! E P E PE P E P E P E P E P
- 16. What is an Endpoint (IV)? Summary: • Endpoints are everywhere in an IIoT System (including edge and cloud) • One single (security) model for all locations • A single computer, even a device, can have several endpoints • Example Router: One LAN endpoint, one WAN endpoint • Frequently shared code/data between multiple endpoints • Endpoint and its communication is another model 16
- 17. Why endpoint security? Endpoints are the only location in an IIoT system where: • Execution code is stored, started and updated • Data is stored, modified or applied (“Data at Rest” / “Data in Use“) • Communication to another endpoint is initiated and protected • Network security is analyzed, configured, monitored and managed 17 Result: An attack to an IIoT system typically starts in attacking one or more endpoints: • Try to access the execution code and analyze to find weak security implementation • Attack weak communication protection via network • Modify or replace (“hijack”) the execution code in a malicious way
- 18. IISF Endpoint Protection Model 18
- 19. Threats and Vulnerabilities to an IIoT Endpoint 19 1. Hardware components 2/3. Boot process 4. Operating System 5. Hypervisor/Sep. Kernel 6. Non-OS Applications 7. Applications and their API 8. Runtime Environment 9. Containers 10. Deployment 11. Data at Rest, Data in Use 12. Monitoring/Analysis 13. Configuration/Management 14. Security Model/Policy 15. Development Environment
- 20. Endpoint security: Solutions • Start with a clean design of the security model and policies • Define endpoint identity, authorization, authentication • How other endpoints see me? What can they do with me? • Define proper data protection model • Integrity and confidentiality, especially of shared data-in-rest but also data-in- use • Define secure hardware, BIOS, roots of trust • Includes lifetime of hardware, BIOS update, consistent root of trust • Select secure OS, hypervisor, programming language • Consider lifetime of (open source?), dynamic of programming language • Consider isolation principles (4 different models explained in IISF) • Plan remote code update and provide code integrity • Security has an unspecific expiration date: needs update • Code integrity prevents malicious remote code-hijacking 20
- 21. Endpoint security: Solutions (II) • Plan “beyond the basics” security instantly • Plan security configuration and management • For example: defining, replacing and updating of keys and certificates • User-friendly setting of access rights and authorization • Plan endpoint monitoring and analysis • For example: log all security configuration changes • Log all unexpected remote activity • Provide user-friendly analysis, alerts etc. • Implement “state of the art”: • Have a team of experienced security implementers • Use latest versions of development tools, OS, hypervisors, libraries • Test a lot, including malicious attacks • Prepare and test your first remote update 21
- 22. Endpoint Security in Practice Example which implements this endpoint security model in practice: Terrence Barr, Electric Imp 22
- 23. Securing IIoT Endpoints -- In Practice Industrial Internet Consortium Security Webinar February 22, 2017 Terrence Barr, terrence@electricimp.com Head of Solutions Engineering
- 24. Endpoint Security Electric Imp Introduction
- 25. Electric Imp Industrial-strength IoT starts here Secure IoT Connectivity Platform Authorized Hardware for connected devices impOS™ and hardware impCloud™ imp Enterprise API’s BlinkUp™ & impFactory™ impSecure™ Proven IoT Deployments at Scale • 2016: surpassed 1 Million WiFi/Ethernet devices • 18B+ data messages per month • 100+ customers; 105+ countries Full Lifecycle, Trusted Security • Passed security review and pen-testing: • In process: UL 2900-2-2: Cybersecurity Certification for Industrial Controls plus first Affiliate program • Aligned with IIC Security Framework Fastest Prototype-to-Production • 5 months for GE connected air conditioner
- 27. Endpoint Security: Part of Integrated and Managed Security Silicon-to-Cloud Security – Defense in Depth & Defense in Time 7. Full Lifecycle Managed Services 1. Edge Device Security incl. Secure Silicon & Managed Software 4. Secure Communication via Managed Tunnel 3. Trusted Manufacture & Commissioning 6. Secure Cloud and Application Integration 2. Data Privacy, Integrity & Confidentiality 5. Protected Public & Private Cloud
- 28. IISF Endpoint Protection Techniques Electric Imp Implementation Protecting Endpoints: General Endpoint protection from the silicon upwards, every level tightly integrated and tested for full coverage of security objective and no weak links Architectural Considerations for Protecting Endpoints Designed from the ground up for resource-constrained IoT devices and real-world use cases and proven in large-scale customer deployments Endpoint Physical Security Disabled hardware interfaces, tampering destroys individual module Establish Roots of Trust Unique per-device keys, secure provisioning via cloud device management Endpoint Identity One-Time-Programming at module manufacturing time Endpoint Access Control Mutual authentication with RSA certificates and ECC challenge- response Endpoint Integrity Protection HSM protected keys, secure boot, non-execution barriers with cloud alerts Endpoint Data Protection All processing on-die, all off-die storage with device-unique encryption. TLS 1.2, AES-128, EDH forward secrecy. Endpoint Monitoring and Analysis Extensive monitoring of security-sensitive operations Endpoint Configuration and Management Endpoints managed, configured, and provisioned from the impCloud, all updates signed, encrypted, and logged © Property of Electric Imp, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION
- 29. Endpoint Security Real-World Case Study
- 30. • Replace analogue lines • Customer delight exceeds expectations • Recognized as Business Transformation success story 1.5M Customers worldwide Security for regulated markets Reduce service calls by 20% © Property of Electric Imp, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION ROI – Payback in 45 days on connectivity costs alone
- 31. impSecureTM: Integrated Silicon-to-Cloud Security and Connectivity managed by Electric Imp ‘Drop-In’ Postage Meter Retrofit: Device-to-Cloud Security and Connectivity imp Application Module impOSTM Meter Integration Code Virtual Machine paired Virtual Machine Cloud Meter Code Cloud Integration Code Operations & Device Lifecycle Management Cloud Services Electric Imp Managed Cloud USB Commerce Cloud Device-paired Virtual Machines Scalable to millions of devices No changes to meter No changes to cloud Audited and Tested Meets Postal and Government Security Requirements WiFi Ethernet IP tunnel &imp
- 33. Integrated Security Platform: Customer Benefits Leverage Proven Solution • Build on tested and trusted security at a platform level Isolation of Security Concerns • Minimize time-to-market and risk of security mistakes Integrated, Silicon to Cloud Security • No weak links, even devices exposed in the field for many years Managed Security as a Service • Offload headache of ongoing security monitoring and maintenance Qualify once, reuse many times • Enable rapid, low-risk multi-product IoT strategy
- 34. ® Transforming the world through the power of secure connectivity
- 35. Thank you! 35 Things are coming together. Community. Collaboration. Convergence. www.iiconsortium.org Additional Resources available as attachments • Industrial Internet Security Framework • Security Claims Evaluation Testbeds • White Paper: Business Viewpoint of Securing the Industrial Internet • Upcoming Webinars: • March 30, 2017 Building Blocks for Securing the Smart Factory • April, 2017 TBD
Editor's Notes
- #8: Thank you, Marcellus. As an introduction to the Industrial Internet Consortuim, let‘s have a little bit of history. Around 1840 we had the Industrial Revolution with its steam power locamotives and factory machines which created enormous disruption in jobs worldwide; There was a jump in productivity as human energy & muscle moved to machine muscle. The jump in productivity was huge – a 2.5 to 4.0 times increase, not percentage, times increase in productivity. Initially, jobs were lost but because of the huge leap in productivity, there was a huge leap in consumer demand which led to more jobs created. Far more jobs were created than lost. We saw this happen again 100 years later with the Internet Revolution. The Internet Revolution was the movement from human connectivity to machine connectivity. Again we saw productivity increase between 2.5 and 4 times. And again saw disruption. Again, new jobs were created. We know this is going to happen again. Where this is going to happen is in the application of internet technologies to the industries that have traditionally had no impact of internet technology on those industries. Again, we think you will see a large leap in productivity which will lead to a large leap in consumer demand and a large leap in job creation. But, it will be disruptive and it is hard to know what those disruptions will be.
- #9: There is a real problem in figuring out how we use internet technologies in those industries that have essentially been untouched by this interent technology. So what we need to do is bring together the players in that world. The standards people, the manufacturers, banks, healthcare companies, technology providers, research organizations and universities to figure out: what are the standards we need, what are the priorities for those standards, what are the best practices, how do we hire people, how do we reskill, what products do we need, How do we secure our networks that were originally designed to be isolated but are now exposed to continuous attacks of ever-increasing sophistication How do we address the unprecedented increases in risks to plant personnel, to society and the environment at large, as well as to the businesses which operate industrial processes With the proliferation of connected devices, how do we protect against error, mischance and malicious intent? All of these questions represent the challenges of applying internet technologies to industries that have essentially been untouched by interent technology.
- #10: That is essentially what the Industrial Internet Consortium is all about. That is why we call it the Industrial Internet - the application of IoT to industrial. And this is why we have a made it a priority to build, together a safe, reliable and secure Industrial Internet. Through testbeds, through reference architectures, through the Industrial Internet Security Framework.
- #11: This is our mission statement, with 2 key phrases highlighted in red: Coordinating ecosystem initiatives – creating an ecosystem of small and large industry players, academia and government organizations. We have hundreds of companies from dozens of countries working together to figure this out. Transformational business and societal outcomes – what is the impact on all of these industries; In March of 2014 our founders came together and said let’s work together to learn how to apply internet technologies to industry because our industries are going to be disrupted. Rather than be disrupted, we will lead the disruption to deliver the transformational business and societal outcomes across industries and public infrastructure. With that, I will turn it back over to Jesus and Dan.
- #31: Analogue lines from AT&T start at $60/month.