IMCI_Classification_ Intergrated management of child
1. IMCI Classification for Diarrhea
and Pneumonia in Children
Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness (IMCI)
A Clinical Guide for Diagnosis and
Treatment
2. Introduction to IMCI
• - The Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness (IMCI) is a strategy by WHO and
UNICEF.
• - It aims to reduce childhood mortality and
morbidity by improving case management of
common illnesses.
• - IMCI classifies illnesses based on signs and
symptoms and provides standardized
treatment protocols.
3. Overview of Diarrhea in Children
• - Diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or
more loose or liquid stools per day.
• - It is a leading cause of malnutrition and
death in children under five.
• - Causes include infections (viral, bacterial,
parasitic), poor sanitation, and contaminated
food or water.
4. IMCI Classification for Diarrhea
Condition Classification Signs/Symptoms Treatment
Diarrhea No Dehydration Normal hydration,
No signs of
dehydration
Continue feeding,
ORS, Zinc
Some Dehydration Restless, Sunken
eyes, Slow skin
pinch
ORS, Zinc, Monitor
Severe Dehydration Lethargy, Very
sunken eyes, Very
slow skin pinch
IV fluids, Urgent
referral
Persistent Diarrhea Diarrhea for 14 days
or more
Treat dehydration,
Nutritional support
Dysentery Blood in stool Ciprofloxacin,
Hydration
5. Treatment of Diarrhea
• - **Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORS):**
Prevents dehydration.
• - **Zinc Supplementation:** Reduces severity
and duration.
• - **Antibiotics:** Only for dysentery (e.g.,
Ciprofloxacin).
• - **Nutritional Support:** Continued
breastfeeding and proper diet.
6. Overview of Pneumonia in Children
• - Pneumonia is a leading cause of child
mortality worldwide.
• - It is an acute infection of the lungs caused by
bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
• - Key risk factors: malnutrition, low birth
weight, lack of breastfeeding, air pollution.
7. IMCI Classification for Pneumonia
Condition Classification Signs/Symptoms Treatment
Pneumonia No Pneumonia No fast breathing,
No chest indrawing
Home care, Fluids,
Feeding
Pneumonia Fast breathing, No
chest indrawing
Amoxicillin, Home
care, Follow-up
Severe Pneumonia Chest indrawing,
Fast breathing
Amoxicillin/
Benzylpenicillin,
Urgent referral
Very Severe
Pneumonia
Chest indrawing,
Lethargy,
Convulsions
Ceftriaxone, Oxygen
therapy, Urgent
referral
8. Treatment of Pneumonia
• - **Antibiotics:** Amoxicillin, Benzylpenicillin,
Ceftriaxone.
• - **Oxygen Therapy:** For severe cases with
hypoxia.
• - **Home Care:** Supportive care for mild
cases.
• - **Urgent Referral:** Severe pneumonia
requires hospitalization.
9. Key Takeaways
• - IMCI is crucial for reducing childhood
mortality.
• - Early classification and proper treatment
improve outcomes.
• - Dehydration management is essential in
diarrhea.
• - Pneumonia treatment varies based on
severity.
• - Referral is needed for severe cases.
10. References
• 1. WHO IMCI Guidelines (2023)
• 2. UNICEF Child Health Strategy
• 3. Lancet Global Health Studies on Childhood
Illnesses
• 4. International Journal of Pediatrics and
Neonatal Care
