![Response to Pressure from the West
By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use
the poisonous drug [opium] to injure the
Chinese people? . . . I have heard that the
smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by
your country; that is because the harm caused
by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not
permitted to do harm to your own country, then
even less should you let it be passed on to the
harm of other countries.
LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West
Why did Lin Zexu oppose the Opium trade with Britain?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/imperialismnotes-111110180551-phpapp02/85/Imperialism-notes-24-320.jpg)
Imperialism notes
- 1. Imperialism Ch. 14 & 15
- 2. What is REQUIRED for a What is the INCENTIVE for nation to industrialize? a nation to industrialize? 1. Factors of Production 1. WEALTH • Land 2. Power • Labor 3. Nationalism • Capital • Entrepreneurship 4. Spreading of Culture 2. Political Stability 3. Transportation network 4. Trading Markets Industrial Revolution - Review
- 3. • Imperialism - Policy of extending control over other countries or territories • Economically • Politically • Socially • Countries looked to take resources and spread their culture • Imperial nations convinced themselves that what they were doing was positive for everyone involved • Technological superiority allowed European nations to dominate non-developed areas and establish global empire Imperialism
- 4. Motives for Imperialism 1. Industrial Revolution • Increased need for natural resources • Nations did not have enough resources for their own country, so they were forced to look elsewhere • Industrial Nations produced so many goods that they needed new markets to sell them • Nations competed for colonies Economic Motives
- 5. 1. Build military 2. Nationalism • Extreme pride in their country led them to want more power • More colonies = more power • Industrial nations competed for colonies Political Motives
- 6. 1. Spread Christianity 2. Racism – “The White Man’s Burden” • Westerners viewed anyone with different religion and life as “backwards” • Westerners felt it was their duty to “civilize” the “backwards” people of the world • This was an attempt to justify imperialism Social Motives
- 7. • Direct rule - Local rulers were replaced with officials from the ruling country • Indirect rule - local rulers kept their position in government, but under control of another nation • Protectorates - one country depends on another for its protection • Spheres of Influence – an area of a nation in which a more powerful nation has control Types of Control
- 8. Imperialism in Africa • By 1914 the continent of Africa was almost entirely controlled by European Imperial powers • These powers looked to control the economy, society, and government of the conquered peoples. How were European powers able to gain control of most of Africa?
- 9. • Christian missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interior • Belgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefs • Contracts were in English • Those who refused were shot • Chiefs were forced to give up their land
- 10. Suez Canal • Built in 1869 w/ French money • Egypt & France = Partners • Connected the Red Sea & Mediterranean Sea shortening trips to Asian markets • 1875 – Egypt needed money so they sold their share of the canal to England • Despite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry and rebelled over foreign presence - 1882 led to Egypt becoming a protectorate
- 11. British settlers continued to move Causes: north on Dutch controlled land • England was dedicated to colonial expansion • British settlers in Dutch colonies outnumbered the Boers • British gained control of the area new language & culture • Boers left the area and founded Transvaal & Orange Free State • Diamonds were discovered Boer War in the land of the Boers 1880-1881 England v. Dutch Farmers
- 12. From Cape to Cairo Outcomes: • The Boers resisted British victory & practiced guerrilla warfare • British arrested & imprisoned Boers • Boers finally gave up (1910) • Orange Free State & Transvaal became part of British Africa • Created the Union of Cecil Rhodes’ vision of an English South Africa speaking empire became a reality
- 13. Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African nations The Scramble for Africa
- 14. Imperialism The policy of setting up colonies & building up empires. Countries look to extract resources & spread their culture. Imperial nations convinced themselves that what they were doing was positive for everyone involved.
- 15. Positive Negative • Modernized countries • Created problems between African tribes • Roads, railroads, canals • Forced ethnic groups into • Built up trade markets the same nation • New farming methods • Destroyed African culture • Assimilation (adopt another • Modernized medicines culture) • In many parts, segregation • Public education & class system based on • Built up military color were introduced • Africa has yet to recover • Corruption, instability, violence, & authoritative regimes are common Effects of Imperialism on Africa
- 16. • Main Idea – The Sepoy Mutiny resulted in the British gaining full control of India • Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. European powers turned attention on India British Imperialism in India
- 17. Background • 1700 The once powerful Mongol Empire was falling apart • 1760s England won the French & Indian War; forcing France out of India • British East India Company took over trade in India • Company controlled much of India for 100+ years • British forced their culture on India (assimilation) Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. India European powers turned their attention on India
- 18. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Indians felt that British were trying to change their culture • Economic problems & sense of nationalism increased resentment • Sepoy soldiers mutinied & refused to accept new rifles • British response jail opponents • Sepoys united & led rebellion • British East India Company & British gov’t united to regain control
- 19. • Religious differences & weak leadership doomed India • British fully controlled India • Indian nationalist movements begin • Gahndi • British East India Company removed from power Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion
- 20. General Background • Divided into 2 social classes • Upper & lower class • Family most important • Arranged marriages • First born son looks after parents • Great Civilization • Produced all of wants and needs • Rich in resources • Prior to 1800, had little contact with the West and allowed limited trade with foreign powers • Viewed western culture as barbaric China
- 21. Bad Guys Queen Victoria What does Queen Victoria have in common with these bad guys?
- 22. Queen Victoria of England • Oversaw major drug- trafficking criminal organization • Very few current drug cartels can even touch the England of the 19th century • England shipped tons of Opium into China, which traded it for Chinese goods and tea • Created a nation filled with drug addicts International Drug Smuggler
- 23. Causes Outcomes • British East India • Britain won Company smuggled opium into China, • China was forced to give ignoring local laws up trading post • China fiercely resisted • China was unable to hold the sale of opium & foreigners accountable pleaded for Britain to stop under Chinese laws Facts • Two wars were fought • England easily defeated China • Greatly weakened China Opium Wars
- 24. Response to Pressure from the West By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use the poisonous drug [opium] to injure the Chinese people? . . . I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries. LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West Why did Lin Zexu oppose the Opium trade with Britain?
- 25. • Main Idea – Western economic and militaristic pressures forced China to open to foreign trade and influence China’s Response to Pressure from the West
- 26. 1800s • After years of imbalanced trading with China, England looked to find a product that Chinese were willing to purchase • British traders discovered that Opium Trade = Large Profits • British traded Opium for tea & silk • Chinese officials learned about the dangers of opium and declared it illegal British look to increase trade
- 27. • Japan, Russia, Germany, Great Britain & France wanted to get special trading rights in China • China was forced to make concessions: • Special Rights Included: • Rights to develop mineral mines • Rights to build railroads • Rights to establish Navy Bases • Leases to port cities China was a sphere of influence USA is being left out of CHINA Open Door Policy
- 28. • USA felt that their interests were being threatened • US proposed to have equal trading rights in China • Policy called the Open Door Policy Open Door Policy
- 29. Facts: Effects: • Major imperial powers • Increased foreigners in agreed to respect China trading rights • China remained “free” • Treaties were unequal from colonial rule & unfair to China • Japan eventually ignored the policy (1920) US Proposes Open Door Policy (1900)
- 30. • Chinese nationalist movement that looked to get rid of all foreigners • International force of 20,000 • Soldiers from England, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and USA • Despite rebellion China remained weak and divided • Number of foreigners increased Boxer Rebellion (1900)
- 31. • Movement failed and China fell almost completely in the control of foreign nations • Strong sense of nationalism emerged • Qing Dynasty (Chinese government) was forced to accept reforms • Strong foreign presence remained in China until 1947 Boxer Rebellion
- 32. Goal emulate the West • Impressed by military & industrial strength of the West • Wanted to modernize the nation • Nationalism Japan
- 33. • Abolished feudalism focused on industry • Restored the power of the Emperor • Established Meiji Restoration • “Modernized” Japanese culture • New calendar • Adopted western clothing • Modernized Navy & Army • Removed the samurai In less than 30 years, established themselves as a world power - Unequal treaty - Racism How did Japan create an Empire?