Improving decisionmaking with GIS by Bjorgulf Torjussen
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This document discusses how publishing data using geographic information systems (GIS) can improve decision-making. It provides examples of how municipalities in Denmark and Norway are using open GIS data and presentations to increase transparency, public involvement, and trust in political decisions. Key benefits highlighted include making large amounts of municipal indicator and statistical data easily accessible on maps, graphs, and other visualizations, which can help analyze trends, engage stakeholders, and demonstrate the basis for executive actions and policies. Some challenges around data consistency, standards, and broadband access are also noted.
Improving decisionmaking with GIS by Bjorgulf Torjussen
- 2. Improving decisionmaking through publishing GIS • Thomas Øderud • Michael Froentjes • Bjørgulf B. Torjussen • Per Boesen Cities of Kristiansand and Høje-Taastrup 2 Ruimte voor foto
- 3. GIS GIS presentations can be: – Maps – Statistical information in graphs with GIS links – Photographs – Manipulated photographs – 3D images – Simulations, i.e. 3D modelled new houses in a residential area. – Even more lively presentations in animation-like presentations for instance in traffic-modelling of new road models. City of Kristiansand 3
- 4. (The same) Open data in several contexts Executive work Preparing for executive documents and administrative and political decisions. Analysis of development and possible known and unknown correlations. Third party’s business development Long term development indicators Give a picture of status and municipal development within the strategic fields chosen: in: • Value pr indicator, • tables, • graphs and • GIS (Maps) City of Kristiansand 4
- 5. DOES THE USE OF GIS-PRESENTATIONS MAKE A CHANGE IN EXECUTIVE PRESENTATIONS AND COMMUNICATION? City of Kristiansand 5
- 6. Areas of executive work Issues demanding some sort of administrative preparations can be: – Redevelopment of city areas, transformation issues – Regulatory issues residential areas – Regulatory issues, i.e. area development, roads, electricity, water, waste-water, schools, kindergartens, ………. – Applications for building permits – Applications for financial support to projects, festivals, area development – General questions/investigations into matters initiated by politicians – Public service decisions like parks, football fields, leisure areas – Public transport – And more City of Kristiansand 6
- 7. Areas of executive work Service-provision: • Health and social-care • Kindergarten • Schools • Library • Culture • Clubs for youths • ………. The services do not demand executive work preparing for political issues, but will generate service-statistics, GIS data, local information for later use/investigation and probable impact on political decisions. City of Kristiansand 7
- 8. Documentation How are information provided for political decisions? Documents with: – Written text with problem definition, restraints and possibilities – Tables of statistical data – Graphs of different sorts – Letters of recommendation or visa versa – Printed excerpts of maps – Recommendations for decision All set to a background of plans and policies, and of course the public servants personal experience, which, of course, is individual and can be biased. City of Kristiansand 8
- 9. Case 1 • Local main-line bus-network at present. “Compact city” example. • As-is presentation, residential areas, bus-lines, marking households with less than 300 meters to the bus line, 300-500 meters to the bus line and over 500 meters. City of Kristiansand 9
- 10. Municipal Statistical information for monitoring change and development presentatienaam 10
- 11. Strategic fields and Indicators City of Kristiansand 11 Environment 90 indicators 70 data-sets At the moment several data-sets/ sources are unknown or undetected Industrial and commercial development 103 indicators 70 data-sets At the moment several data-sets/ sources are unknown or undetected Public health 115 indicators 80 data-sets At the moment several data-sets/ sources are unknown or undetected Finances and HR and organisation in municpality 36 indicators 20 data-sets Only a few are missing Some data-sets, ie demographic data, will be used in more than one strategic field/scope.
- 12. The indicators will be published on the municipal web-portal • Target groups: – Administration – Politicians – Public • All identified indicators will be published, in tables, graphs and GIS (when possible) • All up-loading of data will be automated (hopefully!) • All data will be directly downloadable or linked to for interested parties to do their own analysis. City of Kristiansand 12
- 13. Fields and indicators are connected to municipal plan and action plans • There are close links between the long- and short-term targets in the plans and poltically decided documents and the indicators chosen • Indicators are categorized in A-, B- and C-level, where A-level should reflects directly with develoment in the municipality, B-level can do, and C-level is more basic data that is input to A- and B-indicators. • The number of A-indicators outnumber the indicators in the Municipal-plan (long term) and Action-plan, but are thought to have impacts that are interesting to follow. • There is still work to do to refine the model City of Kristiansand 13
- 14. GIS gives added value! So what about using a GIS presentation? – There is an obvious added value to the presentation since the geography/area concerned is defined – There is an added value in giving indicators that are transparent and public, - and can be debated and tried by the public. – All information is precise and common to/shared by all parties – A lot of information is gathered from appliances placed with GIS coordinates – Most information can be related to a geographical location, that being population, pollution, traffic-jams, distribution of wealth, and so on. – BUT, maybe not at the wanted level of detail!!!!, since a lot of statistics are collected with no geographical reference other than municipality/city. City of Kristiansand 14
- 15. Case 2 For a specific strategic field and indicator is chosen • Norway • County • Urban agglomeration • Municipality • Urban district • Borough • Basic statistical unit/ward • Address/ Building point/ … All in an addable/subtractable structure City of Kristiansand 15
- 16. Case 3.0: Free Basic Data in Denmark TOhNe Tforapm oef wthoisrkwe build the solutions! • Real Property data as a service • Terrain-model as a service • Base map as a service • Individuals and Buisnesses are connected to Real Property data and adresses City of Høje-Taastrup
- 17. Case 3.1 – 3D data from open GIS source Illustration project in 3D – Town development City of Høje-Taastrup 17
- 18. Case 3.1 – 3D data from open GIS source What benefits can we achieve with 3D linked data? • Municipal saving – everyone has access to the same model. • Historical and contemporary project • Future projects (Building and infrastructure projects.) • Ex: Nærheden at Hedehusene with 4.200 houses and up til 10.000 new inhabitant in the next 25 – 30 years • Faster planning • Fast and easy communications between partners • Better and more secure communications with citizens. City of Høje-Taastrup
- 19. Case 3.2 – 3D data from open GIS source Liquid Spill – see where the spill flows over 19 Septima solution based on Free Open Data When rain falls! Blue spot for Høje-Taastrup – available for the public City of Høje-Taastrup
- 20. Case 3.0: Free Basic Data in Denmark – some challenges • The speed – broad band! • Consistency of data • Different standards What do we do then? • New data distribution system (2015-2017) • New or improved data modeling for distribution of data City of Høje-Taastrup
- 21. Summing up Use of GIS • Increases accessibility • Increases transparency • Involves administration, politicians and public in same framework of statistics • Increases public interest since information is available in a “ready-made” form • Adds democratic value by, hopefully, a better understanding and greater interest in the public • Increases the trust of political decisions by being more visual and thereby controllable • All presentations are based on the same data that is accessible for the public, so all presentations can be checked and tested. City of Kristiansand 21