Information Centric Networking
- 2. Agenda ▪ Problems In Current Internet Architecture ▪ How Internet is Evolving ▪ Host Centric Networking ▪ Information Centric Networking ▪ Key functionalities of ICN Networks ▪ Approaches to ICN ▪ Data Oriented Network Architecture (DONA) ▪ Architecture of DONA ▪ Advantages & Applications of ICN 2
- 3. Problems in Current Internet Architecture ▪ The current internet was designed to address the communication needs of limited computers including communication between mainframe computers. ▪ The basic requirement from the Internet at that time was merely that of forwarding packets of data among a limited number of stationary machines ▪ The tremendous growth of the Internet and the introduction of new applications to fulfill emerging needs, has given rise to new requirements from the current architecture. ▪ Many current and emerging requirements still cannot be addressed adequately by the current Internet. This has raised the question of whether we can continue “patching over patches,” or whether a new clean-slate architectural approach for the Internet is actually needed. 3
- 4. Networking Evolution ▪ Traditional networking ▪ Host-centric communications addressing end-points ▪ Information-centric networking ▪ Data-centric communications addressing information (e.g., data in context). ▪ Decoupling in space – neither sender nor receiver need to know their partner. ▪ Decoupling in time – “answer” not necessarily directly triggered by “question”, asynchronous communication. 4
- 10. Key functionalities of ICN Network ▪ Naming ▪ Name Resolution & Data Routing ▪ Caching ▪ Mobility ▪ Security 10
- 11. Naming ▪ Structure of a Name assigned to a piece of Information to be communicated ▪ In all ICN architectures, names are location dependent ▪ Depending upon the approach, names may range from being flat to hierarchical ▪ Names may or may not be human readable 11
- 12. Naming ▪ Example of Naming the data ▪ Flat, not human readable identifiers ▪ 1DB76EB8DFD6B0b92A293AADC8421830BDE73CB6 ▪ Hierarchical, meaningful structured names ▪ /nytimes/sport/baseball/mets/game022414/ 12
- 13. Name Resolution & Data routing ▪ Name resolution involves matching an information name to a provider or source that can supply that information ▪ Data routing involves constructing a path for transferring the information from that provider to the requesting host ▪ Name Resolution & Data Routing can be coupled(or integrated) or decoupled(or independent) ▪ In the coupled approach, the information request is routed to an information provider, which subsequently sends the information to the requesting host by following the reverse path over which the request was forwarded. ▪ In the decoupled approach, the name resolution function does not determine or restrict the path that the data will use from the provider to the subscriber. For example, an independent data routing module may send to the provider a source route to the requesting host. 13
- 14. Caching ▪ Caching is further divided into on-path and off-path caching. ▪ In on-path caching, the information is cached along the path taken by a name resolution request ▪ In off-path caching the network exploits information cached outside that path ▪ In ICN architectures with decoupled name resolution and data routing, off-path caching must be supported by the name resolution system, which handles caches as regular information publishers. ▪ If name resolution and data transfer are coupled, off-path caching must be supported by the routing system used to forward the requests for information. 14
- 15. Mobility ▪ Subscriber mobility is intrinsically supported in ICN architectures ▪ Mobile subscribers can just send new subscriptions for information after a handoff. ▪ Publisher mobility is more difficult to support, since the name resolution system (in the coupled approach) or the routing tables (in the decoupled approach) need to be updated. 15
- 16. Security ▪ This aspect is tightly related to the naming structure Human Readable Names Flat Names Require a trusted agent or a trust relationship with the name resolution system to verify that the returned information corresponds to the requested name flat names can support self- certification not-human readable, thus requiring another trusted system to map human-readable names to flat names. 16
- 17. DONA (Data Oriented Network Architecture) ▪ Created by UC Berkeley ▪ Changes naming by replacing the hierarchical URLs with flat names ▪ Names in DONA allow users to verify that the received information matches a requested name via cryptographic techniques 17
- 18. Naming ▪ DONA names are organized around principals ▪ Each principal is associated with public-private key pairs ▪ Names are of the form P:L ▪ P is the cryptographic hash of the principal’s public key and L is a label chosen by the principal, who ensures that these names are unique. ▪ Naming granularity is left to the principals, who are considered to be the owners of the corresponding information. For instance, principals may name either an entire web site or each individual web page within it. ▪ Names are flat, application-independent, location-independent and globally unique 18
- 19. Name Resolution & Data Routing ▪ Name resolution in DONA is provided by specialized servers called Resolution Handlers (RHs). ▪ There is at least one logical RH at each AS. ▪ RHs are interconnected, forming a hierarchical name resolution service 19
- 21. Caching ▪ DONA supports on-path caching via the RH infrastructure. ▪ A RH that decides to cache a requested data object can replace the source IP address of an incoming FIND request with its own IP address, before forwarding the message to the next RH. As a result, any response will surely traverse the current RH, thus the data returned will be cached there. ▪ If a subsequent FIND message requesting the same object reaches a caching RH, the RH can directly return the data to the subscriber. 21
- 22. Mobility ▪ Mobile subscribers can simply issue new FIND messages from their current location, relying on the RH infrastructure to provide them with the closest copy of the information. ▪ Mobile publishers can also unregister and re-register their information when changing their network location 22
- 23. Security ▪ Names in DONA are self-certifying ▪ They allow the subscriber to verify that the data received matches the name requested. ▪ The design of DONA can either prevent or mitigate a series of attacks to the RH infrastructure ▪ A RH will only accept information registrations by authenticated principals. 23
- 24. Examples of other Approaches to ICN ▪ NDN ▪ PURSUIT ▪ SAIL ▪ COMET ▪ CONVERGENCE ▪ Mobility First 24
- 25. Advantages of the ICN approach ▪ Scalable and cost-efficient content distribution ▪ IP traffic to quadruple from 2010 – 2015 ▪ Mobile data traffic increased 26x ▪ Mostly attributed to media traffic that continues to be 90% of global consumer traffic by 2015 25
- 26. Applications of ICN ▪ ICN has various applications in the field of ▪ Smart Grids ▪ Self Driving Autonomous Vehicles ▪ Internet of Things ▪ Content Distribution ▪ Real-Time Audio & Video Communications 26
- 27. This was all about Information Centric Networking Thankyou ! 27