Information System Part 2
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The system development life cycle (SDLC) consists of 5 phases: 1) Planning, 2) Analysis, 3) Design, 4) Implementation, and 5) Maintenance. In the planning phase, project requests are reviewed and resources are allocated. During analysis, the current system is studied and user requirements are determined. In design, system details and hardware/software needs are developed. Next, implementation involves developing programs, testing the new system, training users, and converting to the new system. Finally, maintenance includes performing updates, monitoring performance, and ensuring security.
Information System Part 2
- 1. 1 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Identify the steps of system development life cycle 2. Describe each step of system development life cycle INFORMATION SYSTEM Learning Outcome
- 2. 2 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Collection of phases that contain set a group of activities in the information system development.
- 3. 3 Activities contain five (5) phases 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Maintenance 1. Planning 2. Analysis 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- 4. 4 4th phase: Implementation 1st phase: Planning 5th phase: Maintenance. Review project requests Prioritize project requests Allocate resources Identify project development team 2nd phase: Analysis Conduct preliminary investigation Perform detailed analysis activities: - Study current system - Determine user requirements - Recommend solution 3rd phase: Design Acquire hardware and software, if necessary Develop details of the new or modified system. Develop programs, Install and test new system Train users Convert to new system . Perform maintenance activities . Monitor system performance . Evaluate system security SDLC (Major Activities)
- 5. 1st phase: Planning • Begins when the steering committee received a project request • Committee members usually consists of five to nine members • example: mix of vice presidents, managers, non-management users, and IT personnel 5 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 1st phase: Planning Review project requests Prioritize project requests Allocate resources Identify project development team
- 6. 1. Conduct preliminary investigation • Sometimes called the feasibility study • Defines the problem - The main purpose is to determine the exact nature of the problem or improvement & decide whether it is worth pursuing. 6 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 2nd phase: Analysis 2nd phase: Analysis 1. Conduct preliminary investigation 2. Perform detailed analysis activities: - Study current system - Determine user requirements - Recommend solution
- 7. 1. Conduct preliminary investigation • Interview the user who submitted the project request and others users. • Upon completion of the preliminary investigation, the systems analyst writes the feasibility report to present the team’s findings to the steering committee. • Decide pursuing or not. • Four (4) tests to evaluate feasibility of a project: 1. Operational feasibility 2. Schedule feasibility 3. Technical feasibility 4. Economic feasibility7 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 2nd phase: Analysis
- 8. 2. Perform detailed analysis activities: • Detailed analysis sometimes is called logical design because the systems analysts develop the proposed solution without regard to any specific hardware or software. • Involves three major activities: (1) study how the current system works (2) determine the users’ wants, needs & requirements (3) recommend a solution. 8 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 2nd phase: Analysis
- 9. 1. Acquire hardware and software • The activity consists of four major tasks: (1) identify technical specifications (2) request vendor proposals (3) test and evaluate vendor proposals (4) make a decision 9 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 3rd phase: Design 3rd phase: Design 1. Acquire hardware and software, if necessary 2. Develop details of the new or modified system
- 10. 2. Develop details of the new or modified system • After the systems analyst identifies the data and process requirements, the next step is to develop detailed design specifications for the components in the proposed solution. • A detailed design sometimes is called a physical design because it specifies hardware & software — the physical components required — for automated procedures. • The activities include developing designs for the databases, inputs, outputs & programs. 10 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 3rd phase: Design
- 11. 4th phase: Implementation • The purpose of this phase is to Construct or build the new or modified system and then deliver it to the user • Four (4) major activities 11 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 4th phase: Implementation 1. Develop programs 2. Install and test new system 3. Train users 4. Convert to new system
- 12. 1. Develop programs • If the organization purchases packaged software (no modifications required) the development team may skip this activity. • For custom software or packaged software, however, programs are developed or modified either by an outside firm or in-house. • Programmers write or modify programs from the program specification package created during the analysis phase. • These program development follow an organized set of activities known as the program development life cycle. 12 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 4th phase: Implementation
- 13. 2. Install and test new system • If the organization acquires new hardware or software, someone must install and test it • Tests performed during this step include: 1. unit tests - verifies that each individual program or object works by itself. 2. systems tests - verifies that all programs in an application work together properly 3. integration tests - verifies that an application works with other applications. 4. acceptance tests - performed by end- users & checks the new system to ensure that it works with actual data. 13 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 4th phase: Implementation
- 14. 3. Train user • Training involves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system. • Some training takes place as one-on-one sessions or classroom style lectures • Other organizations use Web-based training, which is a self-directed, self-paced online instruction technique. 14 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 4th phase: Implementation
- 15. 4. Convert to new system • The final implementation activity is to change from the old system to the new system. • This change can take place using one or more of the following conversion strategies: 1. direct 2. parallel 3. phased 4. pilot 15 4th phase: Implementation 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- 16. 16 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 4th phase: Implementation
- 17. 5th phase: Maintenance • Provide ongoing assistance for an information system after the system is implemented • Three (3) major activities 17 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 5th phase: Maintenance. 1. Perform maintenance activities 2. Monitor system performance 3. Evaluate system security
- 18. 1. Perform maintenance activities • corrective maintenance • adaptive maintenance 2. Monitor system performance • perfective maintenance 18 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 5th phase: Maintenance
- 19. 3. Evaluate system security • All elements of an information system must be secure from threats both inside and outside. • Users should be allowed access only to the data and information for which they are authorized (Maintain confidentiality) • Data should be secure so that intruders cannot alter, damage, or steal data. (Ensure integrity and reliability) • Networks need safeguards to prevent them from being compromised. (Limited access to information) 19 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 5th phase: Maintenance
- 20. Shelly, G.B., & Vermaat, M. (2012). Discovering computers: Your interactive guide to the digital world. Boston, MA: Course Technology/ Cengage Learning. 20 REFERENCES 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)