Information systems system
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This document discusses types of software, operating systems, and programming languages. It describes system software as managing computer resources, while application software is for specific business uses. It examines operating systems, their functions, and examples like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. It also summarizes the evolution of programming languages from machine to assembly to modern high-level languages and fourth generation languages.
Information systems system
- 1. 7.1 7. INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES DESCRIBE MAJOR TYPES OF SOFTWARE EXAMINE OPERATING SYSTEMS EXPLAIN SOFTWARE EVOLUTION ANALYZE MAJOR APPLICATION LANGUAGES / DEVELOPMENT TOOLS * 7.2
- 3. DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTROL COMPUTER OPERATION PROGRAM: SET OF INSTRUCTIONS TO THE COMPUTER STORED: PROGRAM MUST BE IN PRIMARY STORAGE SYSTEM SOFTWARE: MANAGES COMPUTER RESOURCES (System Programmers) APPLICATION SOFTWARE: SPECIFIC BUSINESS APPLICATION (Application Programmers) * SOFTWARE 7.3
- 4. SOFTWARE HARDWARE 7.4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM: SCHEDULED COMPUTER EVENTS ; ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES ; MONITORS EVENTS UTILITY PROGRAMS: ROUTINE OPERATIONS MANAGE DATA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES / DEVELOPMENT TOOLS : ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; V BASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; “FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES
- 5. FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM MANAGES & CONTROLS ACTIVITIES ALLOCATION & ASSIGNMENT OF HARDWARE RESOURCES SCHEDULING MONITORING & SECURITY SYSTEM RESIDENCE DEVICE: SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE STORING OPERATING SYSTEM * 7.5
- 6. MULTIPROGRAMMING PROGRAM 1 TRADITIONAL SINGLE-PROGRAM SYSTEM 7.6 OPERATING SYSTEM UNUSED MEMORY OPERATING SYSTEM UNUSED MEMORY PROGRAM 1 PROGRAM 2 PROGRAM 3 MULTIPROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
- 7. MULTITASKING MULTIPROGRAMMING ON A SINGLE-USER SYSTEM SUCH AS A MICROCOMPUTER * 7.7
- 8. VIRTUAL STORAGE METHOD OF HANDLING SEVERAL PROGRAMS IN PRIMARY STORAGE: PROGRAM DIVIDED INTO FIXED LENGTH PORTIONS (PAGES) OR VARIABLE LENGTH (SEGMENTS) CURRENT PORTIONS RESIDE IN PRIMARY STORAGE PORTIONS SWAPPED OUT WHEN DONE * 7.8
- 9. TIME SHARING MANY USERS SHARE LARGE CPU: TIME IN CPU DIVIDED INTO FIXED SLICES (e.g.: 2 MILLISECONDS) EACH USER HAS ACCESS TO CPU DURING SLICE SINCE CPU IS FAST, CAN DO MUCH DURING TIME SLICE USER’S JOB SWAPPED OUT AT END OF SLICE * 7.9
- 10. MULTIPROCESSING TWO OR MORE PARALLEL PROCESSORS IN SYSTEM PROGRAM CAN BE DIVIDED TO BE PROCESSED BY MULTIPLE CPUs CAN PROCESS LARGE PROGRAMS MORE RAPIDLY * 7.10
- 11. SOURCE CODE: HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONS COMPILER: TRANSLATES HIGH-LEVEL CODE INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE OBJECT CODE: TRANSLATED INSTRUCTIONS READY FOR COMPUTER * LANGUAGE TRANSLATION 7.11
- 12. TRANSLATION PROCESS 7.12 SOURCE CODE PROGRAM COMPILER OBJECT CODE LINKAGE EDITOR LOAD MODULE OTHER OBJECT CODE MODULES
- 13. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) OPERATING SYSTEM USES: GRAPHIC ICONS (Icons, Buttons, Bars, Boxes) MOUSE TO ISSUE COMMANDS MAKE SELECTIONS * 7.13
- 14. MICROCOMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS OPERATING SYSTEM FEATURES Windows 98 & 95 Windows NT & 2000 7.14 Windows CE 32-bit operating system; GUI; Multitasking. Networking; Windows 98 integrated with Web 32-bit operating system not limited to Intel chips. For high-performance workstations and servers. Multitasking; Multiprocessing; Networking 32-bit. Developed for IBM PS/2. Multitasking; Networking Paired-down for handheld computers or wireless communication devices (pagers, cellular phones) OS/2
- 15. MICROCOMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS OPERATING SYSTEM FEATURES UNIX For powerful Microcomputers, Workstations, Minicomputers. Multitasking; Multi-user Processing; Networking; Multiprocessing. Portable to various Computer Platforms Mac OS For Macintosh computers. Multitasking. Powerful Graphics; Multimedia 7.15 DOS Linux For IBM (PC-DOS) and PC (MS-DOS). Program Memory: 640K
- 16. GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 1st. Since 1940s. MACHINE LANGUAGE: binary code 2nd. Since early ’50s. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 3rd. Since mid ‘50s. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES (each statement generates multiple state ments at machine level) 4th. Since late ‘70s. MODERN DEVELOPMENT TOOLS * 7.16
- 17. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator). Scientific, Engineering applications COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language). Predominant for Transaction Processing BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). General Purpose PC Language * 7.17
- 18. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES PASCAL. Used to Teach Structured Programming Practices. Weak in File Handling, Input / Output C and C++. Powerful PC Language for Developing Applications. Efficient Execution; Cross Platform; C++ is Object-Oriented PL/1 (Programming Language 1). Powerful IBM Language for Business & Science ADA. Designed for Weapon Systems. Can be used on many Platforms. Structured. Can be used for Business * 7.18
- 19. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) NONPROCEDURAL CAN DEVELOP APPLICATIONS QUICKLY NATURAL LANGUAGES * 7.20
- 20. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) 1. QUERY LANGUAGES: rapidly retrieve data interactive/ on-line may use NATURAL LANGUAGE support special requests for data from relational databases * 7.21
- 21. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) 2. REPORT GENERATORS: create customized reports wide range of formats 3. GRAPHICS LANGUAGES: can manipulate drawings, graphs, photos, videos presentation managers * 7.22
- 22. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) 4. APPLICATION GENERATORS: computer needs are specified generator creates logic and code for application greatly reduces development time most consist of a set of development tools: DBMS, query language, screen painter, menu generator, report generator, security facilities and high-level prog. language. * 7.23
- 23. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) 5. VERY HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: professional programmer productivity tool uses fewer instructions reduces development time * 7.24
- 24. EVOLUTION APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES: Complete ERPs or applications for specific business functions Examples: People Soft HRMS, SAP R/3, etc. * 7.25
- 25. PC SOFTWARE TOOLS WORD PROCESSING SPREADSHEETS DATA MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION GRAPHICS INTEGRATED SOFTWARE PACKAGES AND SOFTWARE SUITES E-MAIL WEB BROWSERS (Internet multimedia, hypertext) GROUPWARE * 7.26
- 26. GROUP WRITING & COMMENTING ELECTRONIC MAIL DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULING MEETINGS, APPOINTMENTS SHARED FILES & DATABASES SHARED TIMELINES, PLANS ELECTRONIC MEETINGS & CONFERENCES * GROUPWARE CAPABILITIES 7.27
- 27. HTML HTML es un lenguaje de descripción de página para crear documentos de hipertexto o hipermedia como páginas Web Concepto de hiperlink Los programas HTML pueden ser escritos directamente o bien utilizando herramientas como Frontpage o Dreamweaver * 7.31
- 28. Capítulo 7 del libro 7.1 SI 7.2 SI 7.3 SI 7.4 SI 7.5 NO VA
- 29. 7.33 7. INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOFTWARE