Informations Technology
- 1. Unit – I: Information Systems for Business Need for Information Systems – Business in the Information age, Information systems Concepts, Computer Based Information Systems – Categories of Information Systems- Operational Support Systems- Management Support Systems- Strategic Information Systems. Functional Information Systems – IS support to Business Functions – Accounting & Finance, Marketing & Sales, Production & Logistics, and Human Resources Management Systems 1.7.1 : Information Technology Applications for Business
- 2. Information's A Collections of Facts ( data) organized in some way so that they are meaning full to recipient. Examples : if we include Customer Names with bank balances or employees wages with hours worked, we would have useful information's.
- 3. Data Data are raw facts or elementary of things , events, activities and transactions that are captured , recorded , stored and classified , but not organized to convey any specific meaning. Examples : of Data would include grade , point average , bank balance or the number of hours employees worked in a pay period
- 4. Information System Information's system refers to a system of persons , data records and activities the data and information's in an organizations and it includes the organizations manual and automated process . Computer-based Information's System are fields of study for information's Technology , elements of which are some time called an ‘information's System’ Information system it is important to know data, information and knowledge.
- 5. What is Knowledge ? Knowledge consist of information's that has been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning or expertise as it applied to current business problems or process. Information's that is process Knowledge. Understanding. Wisdom. Which is best to have? What is the difference between them, anyway? Knowledge is simple. It is about facts and information, just observing what they are. Understanding is a little deeper – it is about realizing what the information (the knowledge) means. Wisdom is deeper still. It is like understanding the understanding – how you should react to or feel about the information, now that you understand it.
- 6. Information's Technology A particulars Components of Compute – based information's System.
- 7. Computer – Based Information System ( CBIS) Computer- Based Information's System.: A computer – Based Information's System, (CBIS) consists of Hardware , Software, Database , Telecommunications , Peoples and Procedures Examples : A company payroll system , order entry system or inventory control system, are examples of CBIS.
- 8. Hardware: Input devices , System Unit , Output Devices and Memory Devices are collectively known as Hardware of a Computer. Any thing you can see and touch in your computer system is known as hardware. Input Devices: A computer system consists of various input devices . As a user requirement a computer system, may have different types of input devices .
- 9. Keyboard: A computer keyboard looks like a typewriter. The numeric key pad configured like 10 key calculator, which allows the operator to enter number rapidly . The key board that we use is also known as QWERTY key board. The name QWERTY comes from the first six letters in the top –left alphbets row its also called as Universal Keyboard. key board is available in two types The standard model with key 83-89 the enhanced model with 104 key or more Types of keys TYPE Writer key Functional key from f1 to f12 Numeric keys Page up and page Down keys Home key and End keys Cap lock keys Shift key Control Keys Alt key Enter Key
- 10. Tab key Esc Key Delete Key and Back Space keys Mouse : A mouse is a hand held device which allows you to your computer without having to type instructions from the key board, It helps you to move up yours computer screens , select the object and activate commands. Types of Computer Mouse: Three Button Mouse –This type of mouse has a Primary button , a secondary button and middle button.
- 11. Scroll Mouse: This type of mouse replace the middle buttom of the three –button mouse with a smaller roller . When the user moves the roller forward and backward the screens moves in downwards and upwards directions. Cordless Mouse : Cordless mouse isn't physically connected with the computer , Instead it relies on infrared or radio waves to communicate with the computer . A cordless mouse is more expensive than both the three- button and scroll mouse , but it does eliminate the cord, which can sometimes get in the way
- 12. Track ball : Track ball is an alternative to a mouse. it operates in the same way as a mouse excepts that the ball is on the top. It is less complicated Joystick: While playing a racing video games the users need to move the vehicle quickly across the screen.
- 13. Scanners : Scanners is a device that can transfer typed or handwritten text , graphs , diagrams and photographs to the computers . They are two types of Scanners Desktop Scanner Handheld Scanner Desktop Scanner: are used for scanning important documentations or images etc. Handheld Scanners: are used in medical science and departmental stores for reading the codes pertaining to product information's like data of manufacturing , expire data price etc. Light Pen : light pen is an input devices that utilizes a light – sensitive detector to the object on a display screen . Light pen is similar to a mouse excepts that you can directly move the pen pointer to the objects on the display screen to select them.
- 14. Out Put Devices Monitor Printer. Monitor: A pc monitor works like a television screen, . It displays text character and graphics in color or in shades of grey. The monitor is sometimes also know as screen, display or a CRT( Cathode Ray tube). Printer: A device that prints images ( numbers, alphabets, graphs etc) on paper is known as Printer. Types of Printer Dot Matrix Printer Line Printer Inkjet Printer Laser Printer,
- 15. System Units : The system units is the important part of a PC. its a brain of the computer behind every action of a PC , since it control and executes all the operations performance by the PC. The system units hold the windows operating system through cables , the keyboard, monitor , mouse and printer are linked to System units thought cables. The system units are divided into three sections Front side of the system Unit Back side of the system Unit Inside the system Units Front side of the system unit Power Switch Reset Button Lights: The front portion may display some colored indicator lights, these lights indicates whether the hard disks, the floppy disk or the CD-ROM is being read or written , Floppy disk Drive: The floppy disk drive is used to read information's stored in floppy disks. It contains a slit in which the floppy disk can be inserted..
- 16. CD-ROM Drive: CD- ROM Drive is a device that reads the information's stored on CD-ROM disks and displays on monitor. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory The information's stored in a CD-ROM can neither be changed nor new information's be added to it . That's why it is called as Read Only Memory ( ROM). The speed of the CD-ROM drive is indicated by a number followed by the alphabet X. The greater the number , the faster the disk will be spin. And the Faster the spin , the faster is the transfer of information's from the disk to the computer. 56X CD –ROM is currently most popular drive specification. For recording information's on CD a Special CD drive known as CD-RW is used. CD-Writer : CD-Rom Technique was further refined to enables the user to write data on a CD . To make your own CD-ROMS you use a drive which can write on special CD-ROM disks.
- 17. Back Side of the Computer- Serial Port : A serial Port is a general –purpoose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems , mouse and keyboards. Most PC are fitted with two serials ports. The connector used for serial port Parallel Port: The parallel port is usually used for connecting the computer to a printer very often it is referred to as the printer port. Mouse Port Keyport USB Port Cooling Fans SMPS Fan
- 18. Inside the Computers : Mother Board CPU Switch Mode Power Supply Ram and ROM Hard disk Cards Storages Devices Floppy Disk Optical Disk
- 19. Storages Devices Floppy Disk Optical Disk Memory Sticks.
- 20. Software Software: Software consists of computer programs that govern the operations of the computer . These programs allow a computer to process payroll, to send bills to customers, and to provide managers with information to increase profits, to reduce costs and to provide better customer services. There are two types of software System Software Applications Software
- 21. System Software such as Windows XP which controls basic computer operations such as start –up and printing and
- 22. Applications Software : Applications software such as Office XP, Which allows specific tasks to be accomplished such as word processing or tabulating numbers.
- 23. Database: an Organizations collects of related files or records that store data and the associations among them. . ,
- 24. Network : A connecting system that permits the sharing of resources among different computers
- 25. Procedures: The strategies , policies , methods and rules for using information's system
- 26. People: the most important elements in information's system includes those persons who works with the information's system or uses its output .
- 27. Need For Information Systems. Banking : Customer information's, Accounts loans, and Banking transactions.
- 28. Airlines : For reservations and schedule information's, Airlines were among the first to use database in a geographically distributed manner .
- 29. Credit Card Transactions: For Purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statements
- 30. Telecommunications: Keeping the records of calls made. Generating monthly bills, Maintaining balance on prepaid calling cards Storing information's about the communications networks
- 31. Finance : For storing the information's about the Holdings, Sales Purchases of financial information's Such as Stocks, Bonds, Share and also storing real – time market data to enable on line trading by customer and automated trading by the firm.
- 32. University : For students information's , course registrations and grades. Enrollments of Student registrations forms Student Information's Systems Library information's systems Results Issues of Certifications etc
- 33. Sales : For customer , Products and Purchase Information's
- 34. ON- line Retailers: For sales data noted above plus on-line order tracking , generation of recommendations list, and maintenance of on –line products evaluations .
- 35. Manufacturing : For Management of the supply chain and for tracking Products of Items in Factories, Inventories , of items in warehouses and stores and orders items.
- 36. Human Resources : Information about employees , Salaries , Payroll , taxes, benefits and for generations of paychecks etc.
- 37. Business in the Information Age Pressures and Responses P ressures : The Business environment in the information Age Places many Pressures on Companies . Organizations may respond reactively to a Pressures already in existence or Proactively to an anticipated Pressure. Company responses are typically facilitated by Information's Technology which in a Board sense is a collections of the individual technology components that are typically organized into computer – based information's system, Global Competitions for trade and labour: In a global trade is much less constrained by traditional barriers such as borders, language , currency, or politics, Goods and Services are Produced Profitably as dictated by competitive advantages that any nations might hold. Advanced telecommunication networks helped facilitated the creations of a global economy. labour costs differ widely form one country to another . While the hourly industrual wages rate is over 15 $ in Western Countries , it is 1$ to 2$ in Many Developing Countries.
- 38. Need for Real Time Operations: In olden days , in order to transfer information's form one Place to another, it would take months because of communications was done through post , telegram etc. In today's modern age everyone wants things to happen very fast , so by the introductions of Interne, information's can be transferred very quickly and also business transactions between companies can be done very fast. Changing Workforce : The workforce particularly in the developing countries, is changing rapidly and becoming more diversify, An increase number of females , single parents, minorities and physically challenged persons work today in all types of positions. More employees than ever before prefer to retirement . IT is easing the integrations of these various employees into the traditional workforce. In additional as more organizations become transnational , managerial complexity accompanies growing cultural complexity. Customer Orientations: Customer Sophistications and expectations increase as customer becomes more Knowledgeable about the availability of the quality of the products and services . they are also more knowledgeable about competing the products. These expectations translate into the need for organizations to demonstrate a customer orientations. Technological Innovations : Pressure to produced the goods and services efficiently cause organizations to look for technological brake thought that will give then an advantages over the competitors.
- 39. Information Overload: The internet and other telecommunication networks increase the amount of information's available to organizations and individuals . The amount of information's available on the internet more than the doubles every year , the most of its is free. The information's and knowledge Generated and stored inside organizations are also increasing exponentially.