Inheritance 2
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- There are 4 main blood groups: A, B, AB, and O determined by alleles. - A mother with blood group A and a father with blood group B will have children that are all blood group AB. - A father with blood group O and a mother with blood group A will have children with blood groups AO and OO. - The Rhesus (Rh) factor is either positive or negative and Rh+ is dominant over Rh-. A Rh- mother and Rh+ father can have Rh+ or Rh- children.
Inheritance 2
- 2. Blood group • 4 blood groups: A – allele : AA or AO B – allele : BB or BO AB – allele : AB O – allele :OO ( O recessive)
- 3. Blood group inheritance • If a mother has blood group A and the father has blood group B, what are the blood groups of their children?
- 4. Answer • If the mother is A, the genotype of her blood is AA or AO • If the father is B, the genotype of her is BB or BO
- 5. • Cross between AA and BB = all children will be AB • Cross between AA and BO = the children will be AO or AB = ? • ?
- 6. If the father has O blood group, and the mother has A, what are the blood groups of their children?
- 7. Answer • Father : O, genotype : OO • Mother : A, genotype: AO or AA • Children : – AO X OO = AO and OO – AA X OO = AO and AO
- 8. Rhesus factor inheritance • Rhesus = Rh • Rh + = has antigen of Rhesus in erythrocyte ( dominant) • Rh - = no antigen of Rhesus but able to produce antibody if stimulate by antigen. Antibody present in the blood
- 9. Rh inheritance Mother : Rh - ( rh rh) X Father (Rh Rh) • Foetus : Rh+ Rh- Rh dominance.
- 11. Mother; Rh +ve, foetus : Rh -ve • Mother antigen in RBC unable to diffuse through placenta • Baby born alive
- 12. Rh - Rh +
- 13. If mother Rh – and foetus is Rh + • During delivery, some of the baby blood in the placenta mixed with mother blood • The 1st baby will be born alive • Rhesus antigen in RBC will enter the mother blood system • The lymphocyte in the mother system will be stimulated and produce antibody.
- 14. • Antibody will remain in mother blood plasma • In second pregnancy, the Rh + foetus Rh+ in RBC • Antibody from the mother blood plasma able to diffuse into foetus blood through placenta • Agglutination occurs in foetus blood • Causing the premature dead of the foetus
- 16. Inheritance of sickle cell anemia • Caused by recessive allele • Located on autosome
- 19. Thalasemia
- 21. Sex inheritance • Somatic cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes • 22 pairs are autosomes • 1 pair is sex chromosome (X and Y) • Kromosom seks = kromosom X dan Y • Male: 44 autosome + XY • Female: 44 autosom + XX
- 22. Chromosome in the cell during cell division
- 25. • Same as male • The 23rd pair is XX
- 27. Sex inheritance • How sex of the child is determine? mother X father 44 + XX 44 + XY Ovum: 22 + X Sperm: 22 + X or 22 + Y Child ? Percentage of chance ?
- 28. Child ; • 44 + XX is a girl • 44 + XY is a boy • Percentage of chance: 1/2 girls : 1/2 boys 50 % : 50%
- 30. Sex – linkage gene • Most of the allele that control the disease is: – Recessive – Located in X chromosome • If two recessive allele pairs up, the disease will appear • For male, the present of an allele on X is enough to cause the disease.
- 34. Heamophilia