Inheritance

INHERITENCE
SUBMITTED BY:
R.RAMADEVI
M.Sc(CS&IT)
NSCAS

SYNOPSIS
 INHERITANCE DEFINITION
 SYNTAX INACCESS SPECIFIERS
 PUBLIC INHERITANCE
 PROTECTED INHERITANCE
 PRIVATE INHERITANCE
 TYPES OF INHERITANCE
 SINGLE INHERITANCE
 MULIPLE INHERITANCE
 MULITLEVE INHERITANCE
 HIERARCHICAL INHERITANCE
 HYBRID INHERITANCE
 DIAMOND INHERITANCE

INHERITANCE DEFINITION
• Derived quality and characteristics from parents or ancestors
• Like you inherit features of your parents
For example :
“she had inherited the beauty of her Mother”
• Inheritance in object oriented programming can be described as a process of
creating new class from exiting classes
• New classes inheritance some of the properties and behavior of the existing
classes

• An existing class that is “parent” of a new class is called a base class
• New class that inherits properties of the base class is called a derived class
• Inheritance is a technique of code reuse
• It also provides possibility to extend existing classes by creating derived
classes

SYNTAX
• The basic syntax of inheritance is:
class derived class : access specified base class
• Access specified can be public , protected and private
• The default access specified is private
• Access specified affect accessibility of data member of bass class from
the derived class

INHERITANCE ACCESS SPECIFIERS
PUBLIC INHERITANCE
• This inheritance mode is used mostly
• In this the protected member of base class becomes protected members of
derived class and public become public
• Drived class of derived classes:
• If we are inheriting a derived class using a public inheriting as shows below
class B:public A
class C:public B

• Then public and protected members of class A will be accessible in class
C as public and protected respectively
PROTECTED INHERITANCE
• In protected mode the public and protected members of base class
becomes protected members of derived class
Example:
class derived class: protected base class

• If we are inheritance a derived class using a public inheritance as shown
below
class B:protected A
class C:protected B
• Then public and protected member of class
• A will be accessible in class c as protected

PRIVATE INHERITENCE
• In private mode the public and protected member of base class become private members
of derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
class derived class : private base class
class derived class : base class
• If we are inheriting a derived class using a public inheritance as shows below
FOR EXAMPLE:
class B : private A
class C : private B

TYPES OF INHERITANCE
• There are different type of inheritance
 Single inheritance
Multiple inheritance
Multilevel inheritance
Hierarchical inheritance
Hybrid(virtual) inheritance

SINGLE INHERITANCE
• Single inheritance represents a from of inheritance when there is only one
base class and one derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
A class describes a person

• We want to create new class student which should have the same
information as person class plus one new information about uninersity
• In this case we can create a derived should have the same information as
person class plus one new information about university
• we can create a derived class student

• If you want to call the parameterized(user defined)
• Constructor of a base class from a derived class then you need to write a
parameterized constructor of a derived class as below
• We can access member function of base class from a derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
• We can create a new print() function in a derived class that uses printf()
member function of a base class

MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
Multiple inheritance represents a kind of inheritance when a derived class
inherits properties of multiple classes
FOR EXAMPLE:
• There are three classes A ,Band C and derived class is D as shows below
Class A Class B Class c
Class D

MULTIPLE INHERITANCE PROGRAM
• class derived class : access specified
• base class 1.base class 2..base class n
• You can create a new class that will
• Inherit all the properties of all these
class

MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE
 Multilevel inheritance represents a type of inheritance when a derived class
is a base class for another class
 In other words deriving a class from a derived class is know as multilevel
inheritance
 Simple multilevel inheritance is shown in below image
 Where class A is a parent of class B and class B is a parent of class C

• As you can see class person is the base class of both
student employee classes
• At the same time class student is the basic
class for IT student and math student classes
• Employee is the base class for derived and
engineer classes

HIERARCHICAL INHERTANCE
• When there is a need to create multiple derived classes that inheritance
properties of the same base class is known as hierarchical inheritance

HYBRID INHERITANCE
• Combination of multilevel and hierarchical inheritance will give you hybrid
inheritance
CLASS A
CLASS B CLASS C
CLASS D

DIAMOND PROBLEM
• When you have a hybrid inheritance then a diamond problem may arise
• In this problem a derived class will have multiple paths to a base
• This will result in duplicate inheritance member of the base class
• This kind of problem is known as diamond problem

DIAMOND DIAGRAM
GRANDPARENT
CHILD 1 CHILD 2
GRANDSONS

VIRTUAL INHERITANCE
Child classes in this case should
inheritance grandparent class by
using Virtual inheritance

Inheritance

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