![• When taking a note of the source, use details such as:
BOOKS: write the author, title, year published
[J. Bloggs, ‘A History of the Cold War’, 1997]
INTERNET SITE: write the title and address
[National Archives, www.nationalarchives.co.uk]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/instructions-historyn4-n5-140124154445-phpapp01/85/Instructions-history-n4-n5-14-320.jpg)
Instructions history n4-n5
- 3. • As part of S4 History you have to research and produce a project • If you are doing National 4 then you will produce a final project. Your entire grade (Pass/Fail) will be based on this project. • If you are doing National 5 then you will write up your project under exam conditions. Along with a final exam this will determine your overall grade. • Everyone will produce a National 4 project
- 5. • You have to choose a topic to investigate • The choice for this is yours. However you should check any ideas with your teacher. • When picking your topic, think about the following: • Is it something you are interested in? • Is the topic complex enough to produce an entire project? • Do you think there will be a lot of sources you can use for research?
- 6. • • • • To what extent did … How important was … How significant was … How far can it be argued that … For example… •To what extent were ideological differences the main reason that the Cold War started? •How important was the influence of religion in Britain ending the slave trade? •To what extent were the US justified in using nuclear weapons on Japan?
- 7. • Here are some suggestions for topics: Theme: Cold War, 1945-1990 • To what extent did ideological differences cause the Cold War? • How significant were anti-war protests to the USA’s Vietnam defeat? Theme: Empire and migration, 1830-1939 • How significant was the potato famine in leading to Irish emigration? • To what extent was poverty the main reason that Scots emigrated? Theme: Atlantic Slave Trade, 1770-1807 • How important was religion to Britain abolishing the slave trade? • To what extent did Africans benefit from the slave trade?
- 9. • Don’t just start reading random sources – this will make it harder for you to find what you need. • Start off by reading some summary sources about your overall topic. Write down the main issues involved. • Choose at least three of these to be your main aims when researching your topic. Write them down on your Summary Sheet.
- 10. For example if you were researching the main causes of détente between the USA and USSR during the Cold War, you may want to find out more about: •Money problems both sides faced •The influence of China •The fear of war that both sides had REMEMBER: You also need general facts about your overall theme.
- 12. • Use Research Sheets to keep a record of any useful facts you find during your research • Start a new page for each different source you use • On each page, take a note of what the source is • Take written notes of any facts you find. You can keep an electronic copy of any useful pictures too.
- 13. • You can research any way you want, but here are some suggested sources: * Internet websites * Magazines * Visits/field trips * Newspapers * Letters * Interviews * Books * Diaries * TV/film • Your final report must refer to at least two different sources
- 14. • When taking a note of the source, use details such as: BOOKS: write the author, title, year published [J. Bloggs, ‘A History of the Cold War’, 1997] INTERNET SITE: write the title and address [National Archives, www.nationalarchives.co.uk]
- 16. • If you are sitting National 5, your final project will be a report written under exam conditions • However everyone will produce a National 4 style project. Choose from one of the following formats: • A written report • A PowerPoint presentation • A talk to your class • Produce a film or podcast • Make up a large, detailed poster • Make your own website
- 18. • Don’t just start writing your project; plan out what are you going to write first • National 4 and 5 must cover the following issues: • Introduction What you are writing about • Context/background Key facts about the topic you are writing about • Causes and impacts Explain the causes or impacts of the topic you are studying • A conclusion where you answer your question Answer the question, with reasons/evidence for this
- 20. • Get a Layout/Plan sheet from your teacher • You can also get templates to help you write your project. Your teacher has example projects too. • REMEMBER: It must also include information from at least two sources and your own knowledge
- 22. • Your introduction needs three sections: 1a) Background Facts describing the topic or event you are researching 1b) Question Explain what question you are discussing for your project 1c) Factors Outline the factors you are going to discuss
- 23. 1a) The Cold War was one of the most dangerous periods in world history. For fifty years the two most powerful countries in the world – the USA and USSR – fought to see either capitalism or communism dominant across the globe. Most dangerously, at different times they came close to a nuclear war. 1b) However in the 1960s and 1970s they went through a process known as détente when both sides tried to find ways to work together rather than fight. What was the reason that this happened? 1c) In order to answer this question, we will consider three issues. Firstly we will look at the financial problems that both countries faced, before looking at the role of China too. Finally we will consider the fear both sides had about nuclear war.
- 25. • Your main section should cover three relevant issues. For each, discuss: 2a) Facts Explain facts about the factor or issue you are discussing 2b) For Give evidence to prove this is an important factor. 2c) Against Give evidence to prove this is not an important factor.
- 26. 2a) Many people argue that money was the main reason for détente. In the late-1960s and 1970s in the USA, Presidents Johnson and Nixon had difficulty funding domestic policies such as education and training. In his book ‘The Cold War’, historian Martin Walker argues that in 1968 financial problems were causing as much problems for Johnson as the Vietnam War. The Soviet Union also had big financial problems, made worse by the 1972 Oil Price Crisis which greatly increased oil prices. 2b) Both the USA and Soviet Union needed to find domestic policies and did not have enough money to do so. The huge costs of military spending (including nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War for the USA) may have led each side to cut their military costs, meaning détente. 2c) However it can also be argued that both sides had huge military spending commitments for at least two decades before détente, so this cannot be the only issue.
- 28. • Your conclusion needs three sections: 3a) Summary Summarise the main findings from each section 3b) Answer Answer the question; what is the main reason/issue? 3c) Reasons Use two pieces of evidence to support your view CHECK: Have you included two sources?
- 29. 3a) There are many reasons that détente may have taken place. Financial problems did force both sides to look at how they were spending their money. Equally US problems in Vietnam and Soviet worries about China may have had an influence too. Finally the Cuban Missile Crisis showed how easily nuclear war could start. 3b) Overall however it is hard to argue against the view that financial problems were the main reason for détente. 3c) This is because each side was happy to continue developing more and bigger weapons for decades. It was only when they could not afford to do so (and worried the other side might continue) that they sought détente. Also the fact that the US commitment to détente ended as soon as their economy improved shows they only believed in détente due to money problems.
- 31. You are allowed to take an A4 resource sheet into your final write-up. This can be one side of A4 paper only. The resource sheet can be typed or handwritten. The resource sheet is not marked. However you must submit this resource sheet with your final assignment. CHECK: Have you included two sources?
- 32. It’s up to you what to include in your Resource Sheet, however… What you can include • Key facts e.g. statistics, dates • Quotes from historians or historical figures • Details of sources e.g. facts, name of book, author, etc • Headings to link evidence to sections of your report What you cannot include • A detailed plan of what you will write • Large sections of text which you simply copy straight into your final assignment
- 34. MARKING INSTRUCTIONS A) Explain different factors contributing to the impact or causes of an event/development (2 marks) B) Use information from at least two sources (2 marks) C) Use own knowledge to support a factor (4 marks) D) Evaluate each different factor (3 marks) E) Organise the information to answer the question (3 marks) F) Come to a conclusion (3 marks) G) Support conclusion with reasons/evidence (3 marks)
- 35. A) Explain different factors 2 marks The pupil has identified at least two different factors and explained why each is important. 1 mark The pupil has identified at least two different factors but not explained why each is important. 0 marks The pupil has not identified any different factors.
- 36. B) Use information from two sources 2 marks The pupil has identified and used information from at least two named sources. 1 mark The pupil has identified and used information from one named source. 0 marks The pupil has not identified or used information from any named sources.
- 37. C) Using own knowledge 4 marks Four points of own knowledge used. 3 marks Three points of own knowledge used. 2 marks Two points of own knowledge used. 1 mark One point of own knowledge used. 0 marks No points from own knowledge used.
- 38. D) Evaluate different factors 3 marks Each factor includes a description and comments on the strengths or weaknesses of all arguments 2 marks Each factor includes a description and comments on the strengths or weaknesses of one argument 1 mark Factors do not have a description but do includes a comment on strengths or weaknesses 0 marks No comment is made
- 39. E) Organise the information 3 marks Essay discusses at least two different factors, and recognises at least one weakness or limitation of an argument. 2 marks factors Essay discusses at least two different 1 mark Essay only describes the topic, does not discuss the impact/causes 0 marks Answer is poorly organised
- 40. F) Come to a conclusion 3 marks Conclusion relates to question, discusses and makes a judgement about all factors 2 marks Conclusion relates to the question; makes an overall judgement but does not discuss all factors 1 mark Conclusion summarises issues but does not give an overall answer 0 marks No conclusion
- 41. G) Justify conclusion with evidence 3 marks Overall judgement includes more than one piece of evidence to support it 2 marks Overall judgement includes one piece of evidence to support it 1 mark Supporting reason is given but without evidence 0 marks No supporting reasons or evidence given