Integrated system for monitoring and recognizing students during class session

The International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA) Vol.5, No.6, December 2013

INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND
RECOGNIZING STUDENTS DURING CLASS
SESSION
Mohammad A. Alia, Abdelfatah Aref Tamimi and Omaima N. A. AL-Allaf
Faculty of Science and Information Technology – Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan,
P.O.Box: 130 Amman (11733) Jordan

ABSTRACT
In this paper we propose a new student attendance system based on biometric authentication protocol. This
system is basically using the face detection and the recognition protocols to facilitate checking students’
attendance in the classroom. In the proposed system, the classroom’s camera is capturing the students’
photo, directly the face detection and recognition processes will be implemented to produce the instructor
attendance report. Actually, this system is more efficient than others student attendance methods since the
detection and the recognition are considered to be the best and fastest method for biometric attendance
system. Regarding to the students and instructor sides, the system is working without any preparation and
with no more effort.

KEYWORDS
Face Recognition, Face Detection, Monitoring, Attendance System, and System Access Control.

1. INTRODUCTION
Today, Face detection and recognition are very advanced in terms of computer authentication
technology. The technology of student attendance system is used to support the teacher for
checking his/her students’ attendance in modern way. Face detection and recognition are
considered to be the best and fastest method for biometric attendance system. They are secure to
use and working without any preparation since the camera can direct capture the student faces,
and then the report of attendant students will be produced immediately with no more effort.
Designing a trustworthy student attendance system based on face detection and recognition is
considered the faster and optimal way to manage the records for students’ attendance in institutes.
Furthermore, any business organization or educational institution has to maintain the attendance
of students or employees for effective functioning of business records. The important key of this
paper is to design a better student attendance system with ease interface and accurate results.
In the proposed attendance system, two individual authentications protocols were analysed in
terms of security properties. These protocols are the face detection protocol and face recognition
protocol. However, several potential weaknesses were discovered in these authentication
DOI : 10.5121/ijma.2013.5604

45


protocols. The weaknesses are defined according to the problem of the face detection or
recognition algorithms. These weaknesses include: problems resulting from human unreliability
in computer systems, algorithm accuracy, algorithm process time, and denial of service.
Therefore, the expectation of a well designed implementation and deployment may be able to
mitigate or even eliminate the impact of these weaknesses.

2. FACE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION SCHEMES
Face detection and recognition schemes are a complementary parties scheme, each party is a
complement to the other. Meanwhile, each party can work individually depending on regular
system. However, Face detection technology is a computer technology that is based on learning
algorithms to allocate human faces in digital images. As shown by Figure 1, face detection
algorithm determines the facial features and ignores anything else in the digital images[1].
Furthermore, many face detection techniques are proposed such as; Viola and Jones face
detection [2], face detection based Adaboost [3], semi-supervised learning for facial expression
recognition [4], and etc.

Figure 1: Face Detection

In the other hand, face recognition (refer to Figure 2) is a natural biological authentication process
technology according to the cognitive rule of human beings. It is used to identify any given
face image using the main features of this face [5]. Normally, face recognition process works
after face detection process to identify the detected face by comparing the detected faces with the
stored faces images. In authentication process, face recognition algorisms are more complex and
secure than other authentication algorithms such as fingerprint authentication algorithm.
Comparing face recognition to other techniques, face recognition is featured as: accurate and fast
Identification, and high usability and security however. Whereby, many face recognition
algorithms have been presented and based on different artificial neural network technologies such
as: feed forward back propagation neural network (FFBPNN), cascade forward back
propagation neural network (CFBPNN), function fitting neural network (FitNet) and pattern
recognition neural network (PatternNet) algorithms [5]. Among these are: Soon and Seiichi [6],
While Volkan [7], Weihua and WeiFu [8], and etc.

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Figure 2: Face Recognition

3. IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION
Identification and authentication [9] (I&A) is an important field in system access control process.
Identification and authentication is the process that can be used to identify and verify the entity on
the system. In multi-user system, the users must identify themselves firstly, and then the system
will authenticate the identity before using the system. Therefore, the identification and
authentication processes can be implemented by the following three classical techniques:
1. Something you know: password.
2. Something you have: smart card.
3. Something you are: face recognition, fingerprint, voice, retina, or iris characteristics.

4. ATTENDANCE SYSTEMS
In general manual attendance record is very limited. It is well enough for small number of
students. As well as, manual system causes some disadvantages such as time waste over students’
responses, waste of paper, and etc.
Student attendance system is a management system used to manage and report student attendance
in the classroom. It can monitor student attendance, generate reports with school, district, and
state attendance information. From the other hand, attendance system is not only dedicated for
educational institutions, since it can be applied in different organizations (refer to Figure 3, 4, and
5). In fact, organizations use time based attendance systems to manage their employees’ records
when employees start and stop work. However, the student attendance system provides many
benefits to the educational organizations by controlling all students attendance hours in the
classroom.

47


Figure 3: attendance system based single face detection[10]

Many automatic attendance systems have been proposed by using fingerprint verification
technique. Among these are the Efficient Automatic Attendance System using Fingerprint
Verification Technique [11], and the Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometrics [12], and
the Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching
[13].

Figure 4: An Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometrics [12]
48


Figure 5: student attendance system [13]

5. THE PROPOSED INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND
RECOGNIZING STUDENTS DURING CLASS SESSION
As mentioned earlier, many previous studies on student attendance system have been done and
focused on facilitating the attendance method. These methods are basically depend on the
standard variant authentication schemes such as finger/ hand print, cards, or etc.
In this paper, the proposed attendance system is based on faces detection and recognition
processes. Therefore the proposed system is minimizing the instructor’ exhaustion since the
instructors can check their student’s attendance by using their own PCs and the required time to
collect and analyse the final results. However, the proposed system is based on face detection and
recognition authentication methods. Whereby, the face recognition method is the most natural
biological features recognition technology according to the cognitive rule of human beings.
Generally, the proposed system describes three steps for students attendance system (refer to
Figures 6). These steps are: the system access control step, the face detection and recognition
step, and collecting data step.

I. System Access Control Step
As mentioned earlier, system access control process is one of the cryptographic services, which is
used to authenticate the instructor in the student database server. As well the instructor can access
his/her students list. This process is the first step in the proposed students’ attendance system that
prepares the instructor to be authorized in the advanced students’ attendance process in the
classroom. Therefore, the system access control includes Identification phase which identify the
instructor on the system; and Authentication phase which authenticate the instructor on his
classroom’s students.

49


Moreover, the whole student attendance system is clarified in Figure 6 from the beginning to the
end. The instructor login to the attendance system by using his/her ID and password. Once the
students enter their classroom, the classroom camera will record and capture the students’ photos
as shown by Figure 6, Step 1. In Figure 6 Step 2 and 3, the instructor should request the faces
detection and recognition phase to check the attendant and absent students in his/her classroom
immediately.

Figure 6: the proposed system

II. Face Detection and Recognition Step
Typically, the system process is very critical since the face detection process is starting after
capturing the students’ photos’ by classroom’s camera, as shown by Figure 7. However, the
classroom’s instructor should upload the student photo, as well the system will filter the student
photo to detect all students’ faces (refer to Figure 7). Figure 7 Step 3 shows that the students’
faeces are already detected since the attendance list is open and recognize all the attendees.
However, the system enables the instructor to drag and drop the attendant student photo in case
his/her photo is not detected or recognized by the system as shown by Figure 7.

50


Figure 7: the proposed attendance system

III. Collecting Data Process
The third step in the proposed method is to collect data and produce the attendance report. After
the detection and recognition process, the data will be transmitted to the attendance system
database, whereby the instructor can immediately produce his/her students’ attendance report
(refer to Figure 7).
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4. CONCLUSION
This paper has shown the possibility of establishing student attendance system based on face
detection and recognition authentication scheme. The system allows the instructor to check
his/her student attendance automatically by using personal computer (PC) without any extra cost
and effort. As new technology for student attendance system, this system is proposed to replace
the previous biometric attendance system, since attendance report can be created by the classroom
camera. As well as, the proposed system needs only the basic requirements such as; camera, PC,
and local network.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan for supporting this study.

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