INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANTTOPICS IN ARCHITECTURE
- 1. intelligent buildings NAME: ANSH CHOPRA, ARPIT SINGH, MOHSIN SHABAN, RISHI LUTHRA, TRIPTI GOAL CLASS- 4A B.ARCH drone mapping Drone mapping involves surveying an area and collecting data with the use of drones. Also known as drone surveying, in infrastructure and construction projects it allows organizations to achieve highly detailed data collection with greater efficiency, accuracy, and safety than traditional methods of mapping. what is drone mapping ? What is drone mapping used for in architecture ? earthworks 1. Earthworks and stockpile measurements can be extremely challenging and expensive. Drone mapping allows project managers to increase the frequency of their reporting as well as its accuracy. This gives a clear understanding of topsoil, dirt, gravel, construction debris, and any other materials whether they are being excavated, filled, or stockpiled. Drone mapping provides real-time accurate data on cut/fill measurements, which can then be used for predictive decision-making ahead of time, and for resource planning, cost control, and reporting and compliance. 2. Planning and bidding At the plan and bid stage, the more information the better. Aerial mapping technology provides a complete view that can then be used as a pre-construction baseline, allowing teams to consider questions such as what are involved, what their plans are for excess materials, or how to set a process in place for minimizing disruption. Construction managers can also compare their own accurate images with pre-existing design plans, identifying any deviations at the earliest stages to avoid rework or too low an initial bid. It shows owners that you’re ready to hit the ground running with transparency and control. 3. Progress tracking and monitoring Using drones to capture images and data for creating maps and 3D models provides construction project managers with continuous, accurate documentation of their sites. This approach enhances visibility, supports accurate billing, and reduces the need for on-site visits, cutting inspection time by 50%. Digital twins generated from drone data enable better project management by allowing managers to track changes over time, conduct quality control with subcontractors, and leverage analytics for smarter collaboration and updates. components of drone mapping 1. Frame Function: The frame is the drone's structural base, holding all components together. Purpose: Provides support and stability. Materials: Often carbon fiber, plastic, or aluminum. 2. Motors Function: Powers the propellers for lift and maneuvering. Type: Typically brushless for efficiency and durability. 3. Propellers Function: Generate lift for ascent and stable flight. Types: Quadcopters have four; some drones may have more or fewer. 4. Battery Function: Powers the motors, flight controller, and other electronics. Purpose: Supplies energy for flight. 5. GPS Function: Determines location, enabling autonomous navigation and return-to-home (RTH) functions. Purpose: Provides position data for navigation and stability. 6. Communication System Function: Enables communication with the remote controller or ground station. Components: Typically includes a transmitter (controller) and receiver (drone), sometimes using Wi- Fi or cellular. 7. Camera / Gimbal (Optional) Function: Cameras capture video/images, with gimbals stabilizing for smoother footage. Purpose: Enables stable, high-quality aerial photography or video. 8. Flight Batteries/Power Distribution Board Function: The power distribution board (PDB) distributes power from the battery to various components like the ESCs, flight controller, and camera. Purpose: Ensures each component gets the necessary power to function properly. how does drone mapping works? Unlike traditional methods of mapping and surveying, drone mapping involves aerial mapping technology. The drones take pictures from the air, and then these are stitched together using advanced software to create an accurate representation of any given area. This is known as photogrammetry, collecting and combining overlapping images from various angles to gain a complete and accurate representation of any topography. links each area of the project with a physical global coordinate, so that teams can digitally drill down in greater detail and accuracy than they could ever achieve with the human eye. Drone mapping often utilizes LiDAR systems to gauge distance using laser scanning Laser scanning is a technology used to capture and create highly-detailed and accurate digital representations of physic…. With LiDAR technology, pulses of light are sent out, and the time it takes for the reflection to return is measured. This allows the drone to accurately measure the distance between the LiDAR sensor and the elevation of the ground, perfect for building an accurate digital model, representing the real-world terrain of a specific area. benefits of drone mapping? Challenges and Limitations of Drone Mapping Despite its advantages, drone mapping faces challenges: Regulatory Restrictions: Strict regulations in urban areas or near airports limit drone operations. Weather Sensitivity: Wind, rain, and poor visibility can compromise data quality. Skill Requirements: Operating drones and processing their data requires expertise in UAV technology and photogrammetry software, often necessitating specialized training. Accurate and detailed data Automation PROVIDES MORE comprehensive view: cost-effective mapping: CAN REPLACE HUMAN MAPPERS SOURCE-https://www.datumate.com/blog/drone-mapping/ SOURCE-https://www.hammermissions.com/post/the-power-of-drone-mapping
- 2. intelligent buildings NAME: ANSH CHOPRA, ARPIT SINGH, MOHSIN SHABAN, RISHI LUTHRA, TRIPTI GOAL CLASS- 4A B.ARCH drone mapping in construction and architecture Drones are offering a new perspective for BIM (Building Information Modeling) across the entire construction life- cycle. From as-builts to facility management and compliance, drones are quickly providing more data and solving efficiency problems once unnoticed. What are Some Applications of Drones in Construction? How are Drones enhancing BIM Models? The construction industry loves drones. The proof is in the pudding as the usage of drones in construction has skyrocketed for engineers, construction companies and even surveyors. Drones aid in construction in so many ways. Remember, drones don’t just take pictures, they can also take measurements from pictures or photogrammetry. Building Information Modeling is a visualization of the size, scale, and functionality of all systems in a building. Drones take this computer-aided design and overlay real- world lifelike 3d models to ensure accurate construction from the plans. It is like a remote site audit. From the start of a project, drones are used for a permanent record of construction in addition to remote viewing and compliance review. While drones have been great for ensuring work completion and quality, they also aid in precise ways over the life cycle. When the project starts and elevations need to be taken, typically surveyors are called in to get accurate measurements to accurately understand where to lay the foundation and understand where property lines end. Drones are even being used for the ALTA surveys that are used in pre-construction. Drones in construction are also used to measure the amount of cut and fill to accomplish to create a level foundation. From there, drones can help aid in creating 3D lifelike models via photogrammetry software. Drone in Construction – Different Uses 1. Drone Surveying: From ALTA Surveys to Basic Elevations 2. Simulation: 3D Remote Reconstruction 3. Site Planning & Safety Compliance 4. Construction Marketing & Hyper-lapses 5. Project Coordination 6. Facility Management Drone Surveying 1. When GPS came to the market, surveyors were the last in line to adopt the new technology. Now it is a stark contrast to the modern day job site fueled by aerial insights and powered by autonomous vehicles. Now drones can capture survey grade GPS and marry that data with images to create survey grade photogrammetry and maps. Toys have transformed into tools to gather survey grade data at a lower fixed cost and opportunity cost. (time saved) Drones in construction can capture survey data directly on site, process on site, and then communicate to driverless bulldozers and excavators. 2. Construction Simulation Once construction is underway, we can create 3d lifelike models and merge that map with our BIM data. Contractors and engineers can simulate real-life conditions and audit existing development. They can now view the internal environment and the external environment in one seamless workflow. So, for instance, using Building Information Modeling, you can quickly determine if a building meets the designed energy efficiency standards like LEED. Utilizing BIM documentation, we can view what was planned and what has been completed on one screen, we can even test new materials and their effect on the environment surrounding the material. 3.Site Planning & Safety While aerial surveys can help to plan site layout that results in safe and efficient operation. 3D Models created from drones can help managers determine the placement of equipment, personnel, and vital raw materials. While these models “show” the site, they can also measure the site and the materials. Drones in construction help audit raw materials, aggregates, and more. These models showcase volumetric measurements to have an accurate understanding of how much material you may need, how much you used, and how much you paid for. This process to audit these materials is much faster and more efficient than hand measurements that are currently used. 4. Construction Progress Monitoring Let’s be clear. To build an information-rich BIM model and lifelike 3D drone model, you need to adopt rigorous systems and processes that would seem quite overwhelming initially. Implementing Building Information Modeling will also require extensive training of site and managerial staff as well. You don’t know how to solve efficiency problems when you don’t know they exist. To model construction progress, companies are utilizing RFID tags. The entire project needs to be divided into tiny grids or sub-components, each with an RFID tag. By doing so, the minutest of tasks can be closely monitored by a construction manager. For prefabricated structures, progress monitoring can start much earlier, during the manufacturing phase itself. Once a structure is manufactured and being transported to the site, movement can also be monitored closely. And finally, once a structure is installed on-site, this progress can be documented in a centralized information system. For on-site processes like fabrication and concreting, completion of a task can be easily documented in real-time. Moreover, drones like the Mavic 2 Enterprise are equipped with speakers which can allow a site supervisor to communicate with the construction crew easily. (As long as they don’t fly over their crew) 5. Construction Marketing & Hyperlapses When 3D models, created by drones, are created regularly, pilots can create video motions around those models to create a hyper- lapse of the project area. This hyper-lapse is a moving time-lapse around the construction site. You can literally “animate” the site being built, without having to pay for a costly animation. Let’s discuss site coordination first, a large-scale construction site typically involved owner, investors, manager designers, civil engineers, architects, and hundreds of subcontractors. Every sub-contractor should be able to visualize how their piece of the puzzle and how their work allows the rest of the puzzle to come together. Construction marketing may be the lowest hanging fruit and easiest utilization of drones. From marketing photos that once showed compliance, are now used to market service by subcontractors. Preparing a hyper-lapse for pitching a project to prospective investors doesn’t require a BIM model, but it does require a comprehensive knowledge of drone mapping and 3d textured meshes 6.Facility Management After project closeout, drones are extremely useful and time efficient to conduct building inspections. Drones with zoom and thermal cameras aid in capturing greater insights and greater problems. Inspection data can be fed online so stakeholders can remotely view data at the click of a button. Thermal cameras can even showcase machines that are properly functioning or not Using drone mapping software such as DatuBIM With a cloud-based 4D infrastructure construction platform like DatuBIM, project owners and contractors can reduce risk and uncertainty, limit costly rework, and enable better collaboration, monitoring, and control from design through to inspection. SOURCE-https://www.jouav.com/industry/aerial-mapping-surveying
- 3. intelligent buildings NAME: ANSH CHOPRA, ARPIT SINGH, MOHSIN SHABAN, RISHI LUTHRA, TRIPTI GOAL CLASS- 4A B.ARCH case study on benefit of drone mapping Case Study 1: My Home Constructions Utilizes Skylark Drone Technology for Excavation Management Background My Home Constructions, a major real estate developer in Hyderabad, India, collaborated with Skylark Drones to improve oversight and efficiency in managing excavation contractors. With 3.92 million square feet of active projects across two construction sites (5 acres and 80 acres), My Home sought a high-tech solution for precise excavation tracking and cost control. Business Need Excavation costs make up 15% of project expenses, especially due to hard rock in Hyderabad. Accurate material movement measurements were crucial to ensure fair contractor payments and reduce conflicts. Challenges with Traditional Survey Methods Time-Consuming Surveys: Traditional methods required 7 to 28 days for data collection, delaying fund disbursements. 1. Accuracy & Usability Issues: Basic 2D CAD data didn’t adequately reflect excavation progress, often causing disputes and requiring frequent site visits. 2. Drone-Based Solutions by Skylark By using drones, My Home Constructions achieved several key benefits: Data Turnaround: Reduced report generation time by 70-80%. Management Efficiency: Web-based tools visualized real-time site data, reducing disputes. Precise Excavation Volumes: Monthly drone surveys provided accurate soil-layer volumes, important for assessing contractor work. Methodology Skylark’s system, Spectra, generated detailed site models, including orthomosaics, point clouds, Digital Surface Models (DSM), and Digital Terrain Models (DTM). These photogrammetric outputs enabled My Home to accurately track cut-fill volumes and soil types for strategic planning. Impact The drone solution reduced data acquisition time by 87%, saving 12 days per monthly cycle in contractor management. According to M.K.R. Sai, President of My Home, drone data streamlined communication and cut contractor oversight time significantly. Conclusion . The drone-based solution enhanced project monitoring and decision-making, paving the way for broader technology adoption in construction SOURCE-https://www.skylarkdrones.com/blog/case-study-myhome CASE STUDY 2:Drones Improve Landslide Risk Management in the Jinsha River The Jinsha River, as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, flows through four provinces including Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan in western China. On Oct. 11, 2018, a large-scale landslide occurred on the left bank of Jinsha near Baige village, temporarily blocking the valley. This landslide event has seriously threatened the safety of people's lives and properties on both sides of the Jinsha River and raised widespread concern in society. A total of 67,449 inhabitants were affected and relocated after the occurrence of the Baige landslide Drone surveying was done to gain a detailed overview of the disaster site. The primary goals were to conduct landslide mapping, monitoring, landslide characterization, and early warning. JOUAV CW-007 parameters and performances: Drone: CW-007 Camera: CA-103 Camera, CA502R Oblique Camera Number of flights: 3 times Coverage: 9.7 km2 Flight altitude: 5,163 Results: down to 10cm GSD SOURCE-https://www.jouav.com/case-study/jinsha-river-landslide.html Landslides, a common natural hazard, are challenging to assess due to their size and steep, inaccessible terrain. Traditional fieldwork is often dangerous and time-intensive. Drones offer a safer, efficient solution by capturing high- resolution aerial images to monitor changes over time. Comparing orthophotos helps detect subtle shifts, like cracks or soil movement, providing insights into landslide dynamics. Early detection of instability enables authorities to issue timely warnings and evacuations, enhancing disaster preparedness and response. CONCLUSION