Inter-Proximal Contact and its Implications
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The document by Dr. Mohammed Alruby discusses the importance of interproximal contact in dental occlusion, highlighting factors that influence these contacts and their developmental significance. It outlines the anatomy of contact areas across different teeth, the benefits of maintaining ideal contacts, and potential issues arising from faulty reproduction of these contacts. The conclusion emphasizes the anatomical relationships of contact areas and their role in dental and periodontal health.
Inter-Proximal Contact and its Implications
- 1. 1 Interproximal contact Dr. Mohammed Alruby Inter-proximal contact Prepared by: Dr Mohammed Alruby
- 2. 2 Interproximal contact Dr. Mohammed Alruby Introduction Significance of proper interproximal contact relation Factors affecting inter-proximal contact relations Description of inter-proximal contact Labio lingual aspect Incisal and occlusal aspects Size of contact Shape of contact Benefits of ideal contact Hazards of faulty reproduction of contact point Conclusion
- 3. 3 Interproximal contact Dr. Mohammed Alruby Interproximal contact Introduction: The tight contact is the 5th key of normal occlusion The teeth in either arch are aligned into tight contact, which is maintained through: Periodontal force (transeptal fibers) Anterior component force Physiologic mesial drifting The newly erupted teeth have pointed contact, which later on transformed into an area of contact due to interproximal wear under the influence of frictional forces produced by flexion of teeth during function Significant of interproximal contact: Stabilize the teeth against separating forces Distribution of masticatory force and forces of occlusion between the adjacent teeth Prevent food impaction and traumatization of interdental tissue Maintain the integrity of the periodontium Together with interdental embrasure form a spell way for food deflection, thus prevent undue frictional trauma and allow a proper gingival massage Factors affecting interproximal contact: Crown length and breadth Tooth morphology Extraction, congenital missing or impaction Tooth size, arch length discrepancies (crowding or spacing) Teeth malposition Developmental anomalies Interproximal caries Interproximal wear Orthodontic treatment Periodontal disease Description of interproximal contact: Labial and lingual aspects: Maxillary teeth: Central incisors: contact located at incisal third of crowns Central and lateral incisors: contact located at the junction between middle and incisal thirds Lateral and canine: distal contact of upper lateral located at the middle third while mesial contact of upper canine located between incisal and middle third Canine and 1st premolar: distal contact of upper canine located at the center of middle third while mesial contact of upper 1st premolar located just cervical to the occlusal third 1st and 2nd premolars: just cervical to the occlusal third 2nd premolar and 1st molar: cervical to the occlusal third 1st , 2nd , and 3rd molars: nearly at the middle of proximal surfaces Mandibular teeth: Central incisors: at incisal third Lateral incisor and canine: located at incisal third close to the incisal ridge Canine and 1st premolar: just cervical to the junction between incisal and middle third
- 4. 4 Interproximal contact Dr. Mohammed Alruby 1st , and 2nd premolars: cervical to the junction between occlusal and middle third 2nd premolar and 1st molar: cervical to the junction between occlusal and middle third 1st , 2nd , 3rd molars: at the center of middle third, but progressively drop cervically because the lower molars are progressively shorter toward the 3rd molar Incisal and occlusal aspect: Nearly the contacts are centered labio-lingually in all teeth, however because of the contact of posterior teeth are wide, they somewhat shift buccally Shape of contact: Tapering type: wide crown and narrow cervical region Square type: bulky angular with little rounded contour Ovoid type: transitional type between tapered and square types, surface are convex but infrequently they may be concave Size of contact: Anterior: contact point Posterior: contact area about 1.5mm to 2mm
- 5. 5 Interproximal contact Dr. Mohammed Alruby Benefits of an ideal contacts: Conserve health of periodontium Prevents food impaction interdentally Makes the area self-cleansable Improve the longevity of proximal restoration Maintain the normal mesiodistal relationship of teeth in dental arch Preserve the stability and integrity of the arch by maintaining normal mesiodistal relationship of teeth Hazards if faulty reproduction of contacts: Broad contact: Change the anatomy of interdental col. Produce a less cleansable interdental area May encroach on the embrasure Narrow contact: Cause food to be impacted vertically / horizontally in the col area Predispose to periodontal and caries problem Contact placed too gingivally: Impinges the interdental papilla Contact size is decreased Contact are placed too occlusally: Shallow occlusal embrasure Flattened marginal ridge N: B: Interdental col: Depression between lingual and facial papilla often described as saddle shaped Valley like depression that connects the facial and lingual papilla, it is covered by thin keratinized epithelium representing the most frequent site for initiation of disease process The proximal contact of adult’s dentition is maintained by: The tendency of posterior teeth to move forward by anterior component force and this force become active by the eruption of 1st molars Distal and lingual forces: which act upon the teeth and produced by muscles of lips, orbicularis oris, caninus, zygomaticus, mentalis and buccinators The inter-action between these two opposite forces will guided by the proximal contact between the teeth Conclusions: Each tooth has a positive contact with adjacent tooth except the last molar which only has mesial contact The contact areas become more cervically located from the anterior toward the posterior teeth The distal contact of each tooth is more cervically located the mesial contact of the same tooth The size of contact become wider from the anterior toward the posterior teeth The contacts of anterior teeth are centered faciolingually while in the posterior teeth they are somewhat shifted buccally