INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCKS PAVEMENTS
- 1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCKS PAVEMENTS Submitted By:- DILEEP R Under The Guidance of POORNACHANDRA THEJASWI S Asst.Professor Dept.of Civil Engg 1
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Advantages And Limitations • Application Of ICBP Technology • Shapes And Classifications • Construction Of ICBP • Typical Pavement Composition And Compaction • Case study • Conclusion • References 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION Concrete block pavement was introduced in The Netherlands in the early 1950s as a replacement for baked clay brick roads. Blocks were rectangular in shape and had more or less the same size as the bricks Earlier days non-interlocking bricks were used but now interlocking bricks were used. ICBP gives excellent performance when applied at locations where conventional systems have lower service life due to a number of geological, traffic, environmental and operational constraints. Many number of such applications for light, medium, heavy and very heavy traffic conditions are currently in practice around the world. 3
- 4. NON INTERLOCKING BLOCK INTERLOCKING BLOCK 4
- 5. Easy Maintenance Good quality High dimensional accuracy. Not require curing Permanent traffic markings Low manpower 5 ADVANTAGES
- 6. Mass production under factory conditions ensures availability of blocks having consistent quality and high dimensional accuracy. Good quality of blocks ensures durability of pavements, when constructed to specifications. ICBP does not require curing, and so can be opened for traffic immediately after construction. Construction of ICBP is labor intensive and requires less sophisticated equipment. Low maintenance cost and a high salvage value ensures low life cycle cost. 6
- 7. factory premises deviations of base course not suited for high speed roads coarse bedding sand and joint filling material 7 LIMITATIONS
- 8. Quality control of blocks at the factory premises is a prerequisite for durable "ICBP" Any deviations of base course profile will be reflected on the "ICBP" surface. Hence extra care needs to be taken to fix the same. High quality and gradation of coarse bedding sand and joint filling material are essential for good performance. "ICBP" over unbound granular base course is susceptible to the adverse effects of poor drainage and will deteriorate faster. "ICBP" is not suited for high speed roads (speed above 60 km/h) 8
- 9. Application of ICBP Technology 1. Non-traffic Areas: Building Premises, Footpaths, Malls, Pedestrian Plaza, Landscapes, Monuments Premises, Premises, Public Gardens/Parks, Shopping Complexes, Bus Terminus Parking areas and Railway Platform, etc. 2. Light Traffic: Car Parks, Office Driveway, Housing Colony Roads, Office/Commercial Complexes, Rural Roads, Residential Colony Roads, Farm Houses, etc. 3. Medium Traffic: Boulevard, City Streets, Small Market Roads, Intersections/Rotaries on Low Volume Roads, Utility Cuts on Arteries, Service Stations, etc. 4. Heavy and Very Heavy Traffic: Container/Bus Terminals, Ports/Dock Yards, Mining Areas, Roads in Industrial Complexes, Heavy-Duty Roads on Expansive Soils, Bulk Cargo Handling Areas, Factory Floors and Pavements, Airport Pavement, etc. 9
- 11. Type A: Paver blocks with plain vertical faces, which do not key into each other when paved in any pattern, Type B: Paver blocks with alternating plain and curved/corrugated vertical faces, which key into each other along the curve/corrugated faces, when paved in any pattern, Type C: Paver blocks having all faces curved or corrugated, which key into each other along all the vertical faces when paved in any pattern and Type D: 'L' and 'X' shaped paver blocks which have all faces curved or corrugated and which key into each other along all the vertical faces when paved in any pattern. 11
- 12. Construction of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement compactionLay of ICBP by machine Lay of ICBP by man power Cross section diff layer 12
- 13. The sequencing of operations for construction of block pavement should be as follows Installation of sub-surface drainage structures Leveling and compaction of subgrade Provision and compaction of sub-base course (where needed) Provision and compaction of base-course and checking for correct profile Installation of edge restraints Provision and compaction of coarse bedding sand Laying of blocks and interlocking Application of joint sealing sand and compaction Cleaning of surface Filling any remaining empty portions in the block layer especially near edge restraint blocks with in situ concrete. 13
- 14. Establishing the Laying Pattern Following are the some popular bonds commonly adopted for block paving Stretcher or running bond Basket weave Herringbone pattern 1. 45⁰herringbond 2. 90 ⁰ herringbond 3. Double herringbond 14
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- 17. Compaction There are two compactors are involved in compaction of ICBP Vibratory plate compactors Vibratory roller 17
- 18. For compaction of the bedding sand and the blocks laid over it, vibratory plate compactors are used over the laid paving blocks; at least two passes of the vibratory plate compactor are needed Standard compactors may have a weight of about 90 kg, plate area of about 0.3 m2 and apply a centrifugal force of about 15 kN, while heavy duty compactors may weigh 300-600 kg, have a plate area of about 0.5-0.6 m2 and apply a centrifugal force of 30-65 kN. Where the bedding sand is required to be compacted for heavy traffic block pavements, heavy-duty compactors should be used. After compaction by vibratory plate compactors, some 2 to 6 passes of a vibratory roller (with rubber coated drums or those of static weight less than 4 tonnes and nominal amplitude of not more than 0.6 mm) will further help in compaction of bedding sand and joint filling 18
- 19. Case study 19 Ayoor Junction on M.C. Road developed under the Kerala State Transport Project where interlocking concrete paver blocks have been used.
- 20. The Public Works Department is relying on Interlocking Concrete Block. The PWD plans to employ the technology on the Ambalamukku-Muttada road in the capital city where the carriageway gets damaged due to frequent pipe bursts. A sum of Rs.25 lakh has been allocated for the same. “They had used concrete paver blocks in 12 years ago on an experimental basis. They have withstood the time and heavy traffic. The PWD has not taken up any maintenance of these blocks till date,” 20
- 21. Conclusion ICBP technology can provide durable and sustainable road infrastructure where construction and maintenance of conventional pavements are not cost effective. ICBP is much cheaper than rigid (concrete) pavement designed for identical conditions. Compared to bituminous pavement for low traffic volumes and high strength subgrade, the initial construction cost of ICBP is likely to be equal to or marginally higher. ICBP will be cheaper than flexible pavement. 21
- 22. References 1. Sharma, S.D., Prashant Kumar, Nanda, P.K., "Interlocking Concrete Block Pavements: New Trends in Construction," Civil Engineering & Construction Review, (Roads), 2005 2. Muraleedharan, T. and Nanda, P.K., (1992) "Application and Performance of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement – An Overview," The Indian Concrete Journal, pp 395 -400, July 1992. 3. "New and Improved Road Technologies (Tenth Five Year Plan 200207) – Material for Special Road Applications – Development of Paving Surface for High Altitude and Desert Areas, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, March 2007. 22
- 23. THANK YOU 23