Intern PPT on signal and telecommunication

PUDUCHERRY TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICSAND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SIGNALAND TELECOMMUNICATION
EC231 – INTERNSHIP
CHANDIKA SREE TEJA - 20EC1011
CHENNUPATI VENKATA UPENDRA - 20EC1012
KALISETTY BHARGAV NAIDU - 20EC1035
MUPPARAPU VICTOR MATTHEW - 20EC1056
B.Tech(ECE-A)
13-03-2024 SIGNAL AND TELECOMMUNICATION 1

CONTENTS
• Internship details
• Role of signal and telecommunication department
• Introduction to network failure identification
• Block diagram of network failure identification
• Hardware description
• Software description
• Hardware implementation
• Design flow
• Operation of the circuit
• Advantages, disadvantages and applications
• Project kit
• Results
• Conclusion and future scope
• References

INTERNSHIP DETAILS
TOPIC : SIGNAL AND TELECOMMUNICATION
PROJECT : NETWORK FAILURE IDENTIFICATION
COMPANY : SOUTH CENTRAL RAILWAYS, VIJAYAWADA, AP
GUIDE : SAMSON DEVAKUMAR
DURATION : 24th May 2023 to 08th July 2023 (6 weeks)
MODE : Offline

ROLE OF SIGNALAND TELECOMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT
• Safety in train operations
• Punctuality of running of trains
• Optimum utilization of line capacity
• Train Operation
• Data Communication for Railway Information Technology
Applications
• Administrative Communications
Telecommunication for train operation:
 It provides omnibus communication circuits on OFC and quad cable
and overhead telecom wires for operation of trains and other
supporting activities of train control
 The omnibus circuit provides telephone communication between the
station-masters and the control centre at the divisional headquarters.

DEPARTMENT
 Emergency communication facility is provided along with the track
throughout the route for the drivers and guards of the running train to
communicate to the control centre at the respective divisional
headquarters during emergencies
Optical fibre communication:
• Control Communication with emergency communication
• Administrative voice and data communication
• Both for control and long haul communication backbone for mobile
train radio communication

DEPARTMENT
Telephone network:
 The telephone network is connected in such a way that the telephone lines are
connected from the PSTN to the central office where the telephone switches are
used to call in your area
 From central office it is given to the demarcation point, it is the point at which
the telephone company wiring ends and customer wiring starts. From the
demarcation point the telephone lines are connected through the wires to PBX
(a business phone system) and finally end users are connected in PBX
 The major components of telephone network are:
1. PSTN
2. Central office
3. Local loop
4. Demarcation point
5. Private automatic branch exchange

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK FAILURE IDENTIFICATION
• The telecommunication is the vast network. The network here we are
considering is the telephone network, Where the telephone lines are
connected to the different departments from the main exchange through
different cables in the railways
• When the network gets failed due to the breakage of wire, the technicians
checks the connections right from the source to the user
• This is the time taking task and employees are required in more number in
order to overcome the above disadvantage and here our project helps
• The project uses Arduino board which consists of ATMEGA 328
microcontroller. It is programmed in such a way that it will check
continuously and observes the contacts between them

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF NETWORK FAILURE
IDENTIFICATION

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
 Arduino UNO:
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller.
It's one of the most popular boards in the Arduino family due to its simplicity,
versatility, and ease of use.
 Arduino architecture:

Liquid Crystal Display(LCD):
 It is a type of flat-panel display commonly used in electronic devices such as
televisions, computer monitors, smart phones, tablets, and other devices
 An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material-sand witched in
between them
I2C serial interface:
 The I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) serial interface, is a widely used communication
protocol for connecting multiple integrated circuits in embedded systems
 I2C is a synchronous serial communication protocol, meaning data is transmitted
serially over two wires: SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock)
 Both SDA and SCL lines are bidirectional, allowing data to be transmitted and received
between the master and slave devices
Buzzer:
 A piezo electric buzzer can be driven by an oscillating electronic circuit or other audio
signal source. A click, beep or ring can indicate that a button has been pressed
 They are used in alarm devices, timers, household appliances etc

Global System for Mobile communication (GSM):
 GSM is pioneered a low-cost, to the network carrier, alternative to voice calls, the Short
t message service (SMS, also called "text messaging")
 GSM is divided into three major systems:
1. Switching System(SS):
It consists of home location register(HLR), mobile switching service
centre(MSC), visitor location register(VLR), authentication register(AUC), Equipment
identity register(EIR)
2. Base Station System(BSS):
It consists of base station controller(BSC), base transciever station(BTS)
3. Operation and Support System(OSS):
The operations and maintenance centre (OMC) is connected to all equipment in
the switching system and to the BSC
GSM MODEM:
A GSM modem is a device that enables communication between a computer or
microcontroller and the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network.

AT commands:
 "AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment” describes the Main AT commands to
communicate via a serial interface with the GSM subsystem of the phone
 AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of
Attention. Every command line starts with "AT" or "at"
 Many of the commands that are used to control wired dial-up modems, such as ATD
(Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hook control) and ATO (Return to online data state), are
also supported by GSM/GPRS modems and mobile phones
Steps for using GSM Modem:
 Insert SIM card
 Connect the antenna
 Power the Modem
 Network LED
 Baud rate

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Arduino IDE tool:
 The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software tool used for
programming Arduino microcontroller boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for
writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino-compatible boards
Steps for using arduino IDE:
1. Get an arduino board and USB cable
2. Download the arduino environment
3. Connect the board
4. Install the drivers
5. Launch the arduino application
6. Open the blink example
7. Write the program
8. Select the serial port
9. Upload the program

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Schematic diagram:

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Interfacing LCD display to arduino:
Components Needed:
1. Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano)
2. LCD display (commonly 16x2 or 20x4 characters)
3. Potentiometer (usually 10kΩ) for contrast adjustment
4. Jumper wires

DESIGN FLOW

OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT
• In this circuit the telephone lines, LCD, buzzer and the GSM are connected
to the Arduino microcontroller board
• Here in the project we are considering is at the main office(S&T Dept.),
where all the telephone lines are connected from there and these are given
as input to the three departments and we are considering three users for the
each department
• The Arduino microcontroller checks the telephone lines connected to it.
This is based on the incoming voltage of the Arduino

OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT
• If the voltage levels of the Arduino pins are “HIGH” then all the telephone
lines are working perfectly
• If there is any problem of broken wires there is the problem in the network
that the voltage drops to zero or minimum the voltage level goes to
“LOW” which indicate the failure in the network
• The control transfers to the LCD to display the network failure and the
same error report will be sent to the authorities through the GSM

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS
Advantages:
 Fault detection immediately through this process can reduce the man power
and saves the lot of time and less number of employees is required
 Quick identification and resolution of network failures can significantly
reduce downtime, ensuring that critical services and applications remain
available to users
 Network failure identification can also contribute to enhanced network
security by detecting anomalies, unauthorized access attempts, and
potential security breaches
Disadvantages:
 Network failure identification projects can be complex, requiring
sophisticated monitoring tools, expertise in network management, and
comprehensive understanding of network architectures
 Requires significant investment in hardware, software, and human
resources

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS
Applications:
• The project is applicable to the telephones connected to Private Branch
Exchange(PBX)
• Able to find the line fault in the telephone lines connected to central office
and demarcation point
• Railway telecommunications
• Military telecommunications
• Large institutions

PROJECT KIT

RESULTS
 The Automatic network failure identification system works in such a way
that telephone lines are connected to the departments and the user
 Here the wire has been disconnected to test the results whether the circuit
has been working or not, the LED’s are connected to indicate the network
working, if the LED doesn’t glow there is the breakage of wire
 In this kit while the testing of components & working of the system USB
cable is used to power up the kit from a pc & results are seen LCD
 Once the kit is designed completely the power Adaptor is used to power up
the system so then only LCD will be used to observe the results with the
practical working of networks

RESULTS
Result 1:
In the above result the network between the control room and the user 1 are
disconnected such that showing the network failure between control room and
user1
Result 2:
In the above result the network between the S&T and the Control room are
disconnected such that showing the network failure between S&T and control
room
 In this way the Automatic network failure identification system works and all
these results are of network failure

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Conclusion:
 The network failure in telephone network have been designed and tested
successfully through Arduino Uno Microcontroller Board
 Here Arduino has been programmed to detect the network failure and GSM
technology to intimate the authorities about the network failure
Future scope:
 There is a lot of future scope for extension of the project
 The location of the network failure can be identified by using the GPS
technology
 The distance can be identified exactly the time calculation of the signal
reflection and distance can be identified exactly
 A fault in the Ethernet cables is also identified by sending the data for
checking of the Ethernet cables

REFERENCES
[1] IP telephony by Olivier hersen, David gurle &jean pieree petit
[2] Fundamentals of TelecommunicationsBy Roger L. Freeman
[3]Telecommunications switching systems and network by Thiagarajan
Viswanadan
[4] www.arduino.cc

Intern PPT on signal and telecommunication

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