Internal Combustion Engine Introduction
- 1. 20ME703PE & ADVANCED IC ENGINES
- 2. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (IC ENGINES)`
- 3. INTRODUCTION Perhaps the invention of the engine, or even introducing its concept, was the most important scientific event in the human history. The revolutionary result was the replacement of the horse carriage by the automobile or the HORSE-LESS CARRIAGE, as it was initially called. Engines are basic mechanical engineering devices, and they have variety of applications in moving and non-moving machines
- 4. NIKOLAS OTTO (1876) History of I.C. Engine The internal combustion engine was first conceived and developed in the late 1800’s•The man who is considered the inventor of the modern IC engine and the founder of the industry is pictured to the TOP….Nikolas Otto (1832-1891).•Otto developed a four-stroke engine in 1876, most often referred to as a Spark Ignition, since a spark is needed to ignite the fuel air mixture.
- 5. WHAT IS AN ENGINE’? Engine is a device that converts heat energy into mechanical energy Heat energy is obtained by combustion of fuel
- 6. The combustion may take place within the engine cylinder outside the engine cylinder Internal Combustion Engine – IC Engine External Combustion Engine – EC Engine
- 7. Spark Ignition Compression Ignition Spark Ignition Engine – SI Engine (Otto / Gasoline Engines Compression Ignition Engine –CI Engine (Diesel Engines) The combustion may be induced by
- 8. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 1. Number of Strokes 2. Fuel use 3. Working Cycle 4. Engine Design or Cylinder arrangements 5. Fuel Supply 6. Method of Ignition 7. Basic Engine Design 8. Method of governing 9. Speed 10. Cooling system 11. Valve location 12. Lubrication 13. Application
- 9. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 1. Number of Strokes 2. Fuel use 3. Working Cycle a)Two Stroke b) Four Stroke a) Petrol or Gasoline Engine b) Diesel Engine c) Gas Engine d) Dual Fuel Engine a) Otto Cycle b) Diesel Cycle c) Dual combustion Cycle
- 10. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 4. Engine Design or Cylinder arrangements 5. Fuel Supply 6. Method of Ignition a) Inline Engine b) V Engine c) Radial Engine d) Opposed Cylinder Engine e) Vertical engine f) Horizontal Engine a) Carbureted Type b) Injection Type a) Spark Ignition b) Compression Ignition
- 11. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 7. Basic Engine Design 8. Method of governing 9. Speed a) Quality Governed Engine b) Rotary Engine a) Quality Governed Engine b) Quantity Governed Engine c) Hit & Miss Governed Engine a) Low Speed Engine b) High Speed Engine c) Medium Speed Engine
- 12. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 10. Cooling system 11. Valve location 12. Lubrication a) Air Cooled Engine b) Water Cooled Engine a) Overhead Valve Engine b) Side valve Engine a) Wet sump lubrication Engine b) Dry Sump Lubrication Engine
- 13. CLASSIFICATION OF I.C.ENGINES 13. Application a) Stationary Engine – Pump sets, Gensets, Mills etc., b) Marine Engine – Ship. Outboard, Inboard etc., c) Locomotive Engine – Earth movers, Snow Movers, Tractors, Tippers, Dumpers etc., d) Automotive Engine – Car, Bus, Trucks etc., e) Aircraft Engine – Civil Aircrafts, War air Crafts etc.,
- 17. MAJOR PARTS OF AN I.C. ENGINE 1. Cylinder 2. Cylinder Head 3. Piston 4. Piston rings 5. Connecting rod 6. Crank shaft 7. Cam shaft 8. Crank case 9. Fly wheel 10.Valves 11.Water jackets
- 18. CYLINDER Cylinder: A round cylindrical casting in which a piston slides in and out to make stroke. The cylinder is closed by a cylinder head. Material: Grey Cast Iron, Aluminum
- 19. HEAD Cylinder Head: It is fitted at the top of the cylinder. T as inlet and outlet valves, spark plug/Fuel Injector, Water jackets
- 20. PISTON Piston: It is a device which transmits energy to the connecting rod. It slides up and down inside the cylinder. It has three grooves to accommodate
- 21. PISTON RINGS Piston rings: Piston rings are inserted in the grooves of piston. 1). Oil ring: One ring is used 2). Compression Rings: Two rings are used Material: Alloy cast iron plated with chromium or cadmium
- 22. CONNECTING ROD Connecting rod: It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank shaft. The small end of the connecting rod is connected to piston and the big end to the crank shaft Material: Plain carbon steel, Aluminum alloys, Nickel alloy, Steel
- 23. CRANK SHAFT Crank shaft: The device used for getting power from the motion of the piston and connecting rod and this power is applied to the flywheel Material: Alloy steel, SG Iron
- 24. FLY WHEEL 9. Fly wheel: It is a big wheel attached with crank shaft. It maintains the speed of the engine.
- 25. CAM SHAFT 7. Cam shaft: It operates the opening and closing of the engine valves. It has number of cams which are driven by crank shaft through timing gears. The function of the cam is to convert the rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion
- 26. VALVES Valves: The function of the valve is to admit fresh charge in the cylinder and to send the discharge gases out. There are two valves namely inlet valve and outlet valve. Material Inlet Valve: Nickel Chrome, Chrome molybdenum Outlet Valve: Nickel Chrome, Stainless Steel, Tungsten Steel, Silicon chrome steel
- 27. WATER JACKETS 1. Water jackets: Provided in the cylinder head. Purpose of the water jackets is to keep the walls of the engine cool.
- 28. FOUR STROKE ENGINE In a four stroke engine, one power stroke is completed for every four strokes of the piston or during two revolutions of the crankshaft Petrol Engine: It is also known as Spark Ignition (SI) Engine. Four stroke Petrol requires four strokes of the piston for one cycle of operation The four strokes are: 1. Suction stroke 2. Compression stroke 3. Expansion stroke 4. Exhaust stroke
- 30. 4 STROKES OF THE IC ENGINE
- 31. TWO STROKE ENGINE In the two stroke engine, the cycle of operation is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft . The charging of the cylinder with air-fuel mixture (or air) is done by the following two methods.
- 32. TWO STROKE ENGINE 1.Closed Crank compression: The piston movement is caused by air in the crank case. So the compressed air admitted into the cylinder 2.Separate pump method: The charged air or the air-fuel mixture is compressed by a separate pump and the pump is driven by the engine itself. This method is used in multi cylinder engines
- 36. TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE
- 37. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE In two stroke engine, one power stroke is completed for every two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft A two stroke engine has no valves and only ports are present. There are three ports namely inlet port, exhaust port and transfer ports.
- 38. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE The strokes are: 1.First stroke – compression, suction and ignition 2.Second stroke – Expansion and exhaustion
- 39. DIESEL ENGINE OR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE (C.I. ENGINE)
- 40. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE The working is similar to that of a petrol engine and the only difference is a fuel injector is present instead of a spark plug. This is known as “Diesel Cycle”
- 41. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 1.Suction Stroke 2.Compression Stroke 3.Power or Working Stroke of Expansion stroke 4.Exhaust Stroke
- 43. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TWO STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 1.First Stroke - Compression and Ignition (Upward movement of Piston) 2.Second Stroke – Expansion and Exhaust (Down Ward movement of Piston)
- 44. TWO STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
- 45. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKES CYCLE ENGINE Sl. No Four Stroke Engine Two Stroke Engine 1 One Power stroke is obtained in two rotations of the crankshaft One Power stroke is obtained in each rotation of the crankshaft 2 Valves are provided Ports are provided 3 The engine is cooled by water The engine is cooled by air 4 More space required Less space required
- 46. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKES CYCLE ENGINE Sl. No Four Stroke Engine Two Stroke Engine 5 Heavier fly wheel required Lighter fly wheel required 6 Thermal efficiency is more Thermal efficiency is less 7 Volumetric efficiency is more Volumetric efficiency is less 8 Less fuel consumption More fuel consumption
- 47. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKES CYCLE ENGINE Sl. No Four Stroke Engine Two Stroke Engine 9 Requires more lubrication Requires less lubrication 10 Torque is not uniform Torque is uniform 11 Heavier Engine Ex: Car, Bus, Aeroplane Lighter Engine Ex: Scooters, Mopeds
- 48. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PETROL ENGINE AND DIESEL ENGINE Sl. No Petrol Engine Diesel Engine 1 Operates on the principle of Otto Cycle Operates on the principle of Diesel Cycle 2 Fuel is ignited by spark plug Fuel is ignited by hot compressed air 3 Less compression ratio (6 to 8) High compression ratio (15 to 20) 4 Operates at high speed Low speed 5 Fuel used is petrol and costly Fuel used is diesel and cost is less
- 49. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PETROL ENGINE AND DIESEL ENGINE Sl. No Petrol Engine Diesel Engine 6 Lighter in weight Heavier in weight 7 Fuel is sent to cylinder through carburetor Fuel is sent through fuel injector 8 Fuel consumption is more Fuel consumption is less 9 Less Vibration More Vibration 10 Petrol is more volatile. So, handling is more risky Diesel is less volatile. So, handling is not risky
- 50. Thank You