![IJMCD (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Malicious Nodes Detection in Ad Hoc Network: A Mathematical
Approach
Bipul Syam Purkayastha1
, Rajib Das1
, Sanjeev Kumar Singh2
*
1
Department of Computer Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Union Christian College, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, India
Abstract
The nature of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks make them very attractive to attackers.
One of the most popular and serious attacks in wireless ad hoc networks is malicious node
attack and most proposed protocols to defend against this attack used positioning devices,
synchronized clocks, or directional antennas. Each device in a MANET can move freely in
any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices easily. Each must forward
traffic of others, and therefore be called a router. The main challenge in building a MANET
is in terms of security. In this paper we are presenting the mathematical approach to detect
malicious nodes using the probability density function (PDF). The proposed approach works
with existing routing protocol and the nodes that are suspected of having the malicious
behaviour are given a behavioural test. This approach formulates this problem with the help
of probability and continuous Bayes’ theorem.
Keywords: Bayes’ theorem, malicious node, MANET, PDF, probability
INTRODUCTION
Mobile unintentional Networks
(MANETs) are receptive a good vary of
attacks as a result of their distinctive
characteristics like dynamic topology,
shared medium, absence of infrastructure,
multi-hop situation and resource
constraints. In such a network, every
mobile node operates not solely as a
number however additionally as a router,
forwarding packets for different nodes that
will not be at intervals direct wireless
transmission vary of every different. Thus,
nodes should discover and maintain routes
to different nodes, information packets
sent by a supply node could also be
reached to destination node via variety of
intermediate nodes. Within the absence of
a security mechanism, it is simple for
associate intermediate node to insert,
intercept or modify the messages therefore
offensive the conventional operation of
painter routing. This network is sometimes
characterised by a dynamic topology, a
restricted information measure, energy
constraints, the nonuniformity nodes, and a
restricted physical security. The
applications having recourse to the
unintentional networks cowl an awfully
broad spectrum as an example within the
plan of action applications (fires, flood,
etc.), within the soldier’s field, within the
watching systems, and also the world of
transport.[1]
The regulation of unintentional
network is delineated within the Figure 1.
The drawback of the painter is however to
search out the investment of lower prices
in rated capacities and reserves that
ensures the routing of the nominal traffic
and guarantees its reliableness within the
event of any breakdown of arc or node.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/internationaljournalofmobilecomputingdevicesvol2issue1-170223065351/85/International-Journal-of-Mobile-Computing-Devices-vol-2-issue-1-9-320.jpg)
International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices vol 2 issue 1
- 1. International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices IJMCDJan – Jun 2016 Mechanical Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering Architecture Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com ¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and Applications ¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management Applied Mechanics 5 more... 1 more... 2 more... 2 more... 5 more... Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security « International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis « International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices « International Journal of Software Computing and Testing « International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences Physics « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Civil Engineering « International Journal of Water Resources Engineering « International Journal of Concrete Technology « International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis « International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning Electrical Engineering « International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits « International Journal of Automatic Control System « International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives « International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and Circuits Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials « International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials « International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology « International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry « International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry « International Journal of Green Chemistry « International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering « International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour « International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing « International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis « International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics « International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements 5 more... 4 more... 3 more... Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials « International Journal of Plant Biotechnology « International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology « International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules « International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications 3 more... Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing « International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing « International Journal of Neurological Nursing « International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing « International Journal of Oncological Nursing 5 more... 4 more... Subm it Your A rticle2016 www.journalspub.com
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- 4. International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices is a comprehensive journal that covers all the topics of Mobile Computing Devices. All articles that are included in the journal are peer-reviewed and follow stringent guidelines before publishing. From Smartphones to Positioning and tracking technologies all the topicsfallunder thescopeandthefocusofthisjournal. Focus and Scope oftheJournal ! Smartphones ! Tablet computer ! Ultra-mobile pc ! Wearable computer ! In-vehicle computing and fleet computing ! Enterprise digital assistant ! Location-based service ! Mobile ad hoc networks ! Mobile computing and communications ! Mobile development ! Mobile cloud computing ! Mobile device management ! Mobile identity management ! Mobile software ! Enabling technologies (e.g. Bluetooth, BANs, PANs, LANs) ! Positioning and tracking technologies International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by JournalsPub is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing aprescriptionfor anyproductsmentionedinthispublication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permissiontothepublisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).
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- 6. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Bahaj Mohamed Faculty of Science and Technologies Settat, Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University Hassan I Settat, Morocco Dr Masood Ur-Rehman Lecturer in Electronic Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Bedfordshire University Square, Luton LU1 3JU Senthilkumar Lakshmanan Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan), India Dr. Ashish Kumar Mahapatra Principal Scientist & Head (e-Governance), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India at Bhubaneswar, India Dr. AV Senthil Kumar Director, Dept. of MCA, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India Dr. A Devendran Associate Professor, Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute University, India Anandhi Giri YMT college of Management -Navi Mumbai, India Dr. Dinesh Kumar Nali Associate Professor and HOD, ECE & EIE, Vignan Institute of Technology & Science (VITS), Hyderabad, India Md. Arifur Rahman Graduate Research Assistant, Multimedia Communication System Lab (MCSL), Ulsan , Nam-gu, Mugeo-dong University of Ulsan, South Korea B M Alaudeen Asst.Professor, AVS College of Arts & Science, Salem, India Ayesha Anam Lecturer, Computer Science, Dept. of Comp. Studies in Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad Dr. R. Devi Priya Assistant Professor Kongu Engineering College, India Shivkant Kaushik Assistant Professor Jaipur Engineering College, India
- 7. From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices. This journal is part of the Computer Science and Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emergingtechnologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Mobile Computing Devices as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Computer Science and Engineering community,addressing researchersandpractitionersinthisarea. The core vision of International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Science and Engineering in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well- time&successfully. International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Smartphones Tablet computer, Ultra-mobile pc, Wearable computer, In-vehicle computing and fleet computing, Enterprise digital assistant, Location-based service, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile computing and communication, Mobile development, Mobile device management, Mobile identity management,Mobilesoftware,Enablingtechnologies,Positioningandtrackingtechnologies. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer ScienceandEngineeringand solutionsinthearea. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Computer Science and Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofComputer ScienceandEngineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Computer Science and Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Computer Science and Engineering. PuneetMehrotra ManagingDirector
- 8. 1. Malicious Nodes Detection in Ad Hoc Network: A Mathematical Approach Bipul Syam Purkayastha, Rajib Das, Sanjeev Kumar Singh 1 2. Review Insight: Smart Phone Vs Tablet Rohit Rathi 7 3. Mobile Computing: A Review Rohit Jaiswal 9 4. Modules Description Intranet Application for Automobile Workshop: A Review Rajnish Kumar 11 5. Intranet Application for Automobile Workshop: A Review Rajnish Kumar 28 Contents
- 9. IJMCD (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1 International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices Vol. 2: Issue 1 www.journalspub.com Malicious Nodes Detection in Ad Hoc Network: A Mathematical Approach Bipul Syam Purkayastha1 , Rajib Das1 , Sanjeev Kumar Singh2 * 1 Department of Computer Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India 2 Department of Mathematics, Union Christian College, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, India Abstract The nature of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks make them very attractive to attackers. One of the most popular and serious attacks in wireless ad hoc networks is malicious node attack and most proposed protocols to defend against this attack used positioning devices, synchronized clocks, or directional antennas. Each device in a MANET can move freely in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices easily. Each must forward traffic of others, and therefore be called a router. The main challenge in building a MANET is in terms of security. In this paper we are presenting the mathematical approach to detect malicious nodes using the probability density function (PDF). The proposed approach works with existing routing protocol and the nodes that are suspected of having the malicious behaviour are given a behavioural test. This approach formulates this problem with the help of probability and continuous Bayes’ theorem. Keywords: Bayes’ theorem, malicious node, MANET, PDF, probability INTRODUCTION Mobile unintentional Networks (MANETs) are receptive a good vary of attacks as a result of their distinctive characteristics like dynamic topology, shared medium, absence of infrastructure, multi-hop situation and resource constraints. In such a network, every mobile node operates not solely as a number however additionally as a router, forwarding packets for different nodes that will not be at intervals direct wireless transmission vary of every different. Thus, nodes should discover and maintain routes to different nodes, information packets sent by a supply node could also be reached to destination node via variety of intermediate nodes. Within the absence of a security mechanism, it is simple for associate intermediate node to insert, intercept or modify the messages therefore offensive the conventional operation of painter routing. This network is sometimes characterised by a dynamic topology, a restricted information measure, energy constraints, the nonuniformity nodes, and a restricted physical security. The applications having recourse to the unintentional networks cowl an awfully broad spectrum as an example within the plan of action applications (fires, flood, etc.), within the soldier’s field, within the watching systems, and also the world of transport.[1] The regulation of unintentional network is delineated within the Figure 1. The drawback of the painter is however to search out the investment of lower prices in rated capacities and reserves that ensures the routing of the nominal traffic and guarantees its reliableness within the event of any breakdown of arc or node.
- 10. IJMCD (2016) 7-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7 International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices Vol. 2: Issue 1 www.journalspub.com Review Insight: Smart Phone Vs Tablet Rohit Rathi* Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India Abstract Tablets and smartphones both run on an operating system. Both are almost similar but due to size, configuration etc. they are seems different. Every one confused whether to buy smart phone or Tablet. There difference made people confused, by this paper I would like to point out which among them is efficient. The truth is people use tablets in a completely different way than they do their smartphones, and your marketing should reflect that. Keywords: tablets, smartphones INTRODUCTION The term smart phone was initially coined by unknown marketing strategists to refer to a then-new class of cell phones that could facilitate data access and processing with significant computing power. Smart phones are well-versed with new technologies in a small, handy package. Smartphones have their own portability. Smartphones usually have a screen measuring between 3.5 – 4.3 inches. This suits the need of majority of people that carry their phones in their pockets. Source: Wikipedia A tablet is a combination of mobile and small computer or we can also call it as large smart phone. Tablets have many additional features in hardware as well in software. Tablets have in built keyboard and many features .having more screen resolution than smart phone and it work as computer so we also called it as small computer. TABLET Vs SMART PHONES Tablets and smartphones have a number of functions that overlap, but still each has its own set of distinct features that have given rise to the popularity of each device. The main difference between smartphones and tablets is that, smartphones are able to make calls, and are known for their portability while Tablets are famous for their larger screens and easier web surfing, social networking and video watching capabilities. Smartphones and tablets have difference in their connectivity. All smartphone, nowadays, have Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. This means that they are able to connect to the internet through a Wi-Fi signal, and are able to use the 3G networks to call, send SMS,
- 11. IJMCD (2016) 9–10 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 9 International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices Vol. 2: Issue 1 www.journalspub.com Mobile Computing: A Review Rohit Jaiswal* Department of Computer Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Abstract Mobile computing is an emerging technology or application in all over the world. It is craving individuals to share and indulge with more communication through mobile computing. This paper is all about how this new radiant technology helps future research directions. Mobile computing is ubiquitous in every ones daily life. Keywords: ad-hoc, mobile computing INTRODUCTION Mobile computing is an interaction between human and computer by which a computer is expected to be motivating during normal usage. Mobile computing comprises of software, hardware and mobile communication through various channels. Although, mobile software deals with the requirements of mobile applications and hardware includes the components and devices which are used for mobility and so on. Various communication issues like ad-hoc and infrastructure networks, protocols, communication properties, data encryption and concrete technologies can be solved by mobile computing. Mobile computing refers to as being able to use a computing device while changing location of properties used by different users. Portable computers are one aspect of mobile computing. Also, it is referred as the ability to use computing capability without a pre-defined location and/or connection to a network to for engaging data and information. WHAT IS MOBILE COMPUTING? Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to be connected to a fixed physical link. Principles of mobile computing: Portability: We can able to move devices with in the mobile computing environment. Connectivity: It helps to connect for long time without affecting the device. Social interactivity: Maintaining social connectivity among same peers. Individuality: According to individual needs. DRAWBACKS AND ADVANTAGES Drawbacks Sometime insufficient bandwidth is an issue in far distances. Still transmission interferences are there like in remote areas or rural areas. People got distracted, like, during driving or studying they are more into chatting. A security threat is a major drawback; it will destroy systems and corrupt window. All time system should be turn-on which leads to power consumption.
- 12. IJMCD (2016) 11–27 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 11 International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices Vol. 2: Issue 1 www.journalspub.com Modules Description Intranet Application for Automobile Workshop: A Review Rajnish Kumar* Department of Computer Science Application, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi, India Abstract For any company it is important to design its module so that people can use it in a user friendly manner and easy to access. This paper is all about how for an automobile industry it is important to design a module for customers and employees. Keywords: automobile, module, vehicle INTRODUCTION Modules and Their Description Module – 1 HOME: Login/Registration of new user This module verifies the users through their user id and password. If user id and password is correct only then he can access the system. The administrator can create new user by allotting him a new user id and password. User can change their password. Module -2 Administrator/User settings: This module is responsible to create new user who use this system. This is also responsible for search and deletes the particular user. In user settings module user can edit the information, search particular user and delete him/her account. He/she can change password and get the password. Module – 3 Customers services: This module is responsible to store the new customer information like vehicle name, color of the vehicle etc. Searching, editing and deletion of customer is also possible by this module. Module – 4.1 Stock: Check Vehicle stock/Add new Vehicle details This module provides information about Vehicle stock and we can insert new Vehicle model details and all information related to Vehicle through this module. Status of Vehicle stock automatically is changed after addition on new Vehicle or sale of Vehicles. Module – 4.2 Stock: Check spare Parts stock/Add new spare part details This module provides information about spare part stock and we can insert new spare part details and all information related to spare detail through this module. Status of spare part automatically is changed after addition of new spare part. Module – 5 Sales Department: Through this module Vehicle can be booked to the user. This module takes all information from the customer that will be required to sale the Vehicle after booking. Module – 6 Bill Report: This module provides the bill of the vehicle and spares parts. Module – 7 Report:
- 13. IJMCD (2016) 28–29 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 28 International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices Vol. 2: Issue 1 www.journalspub.com Intranet Application for Automobile Workshop: A Review Rajnish Kumar* Department of Computer Science Application, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi, India Abstract Intranet Application for Automobile Workshop computerizes the manual work of the Automobile Workshop. An Automobile agency receives lots of request and complains from the customers and up till now attempted to track their processing via spreadsheets. This is cumbersome at best and requires many reports to be manually typed each week. The units, our customers, are dissatisfied with our non-timeliness and communication with them. They demand more than a weekly report and timeliness guidelines. Keywords: automobile workshop, intranet INTRODUCTION The old system could not process this kind of requests. Data integrity, concurrent user support, data normalization, and standardization of abbreviations are all serious problems. The database solves each of these issues and adds extra functionality. The problem is not only regarding the errors in the records but there are a number of other problems that increases the difficulties. These problems include the slowness of the process of record keeping, human limitations and human behavior. We have seen the process of the “Automobile Workshop” and get in problem to a great extent. All process is done manually. It was doing their whole works on paper. It was a hectic task and it takes a lot of time and manpower. So they decided to do automation of their agency. COMPUTERIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOP The automobile workshop deals with customer information, Vehicle sale, spare part sale and servicing etc. Automobile workshop provides the information about Administrator like Registration of the Admin, Login as a Admin, Search the particular Admin detail and edit & delete the Admin information, Customers like storing the information about new customer and their choice of the vehicle like vehicle name, vehicle color and model no., search, edit and delete the customer information, Stock like entry of the new stock in which we can store spare parts of the of the individual vehicle, their color & model no and we can also search the stock detail, Quotation which is responsible to store the information like customer detail, their choice and the Bank description in case of the financing the vehicle, Sales which responsible to store the information about selling of the vehicle like price of the vehicle, chassis no., key no. and service book no. and finally Bill like bill of the sale vehicle and purchase vehicle or spare parts.
- 14. International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices IJMCDJan – Jun 2016 Mechanical Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering Architecture Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com ¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and Applications ¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management Applied Mechanics 5 more... 1 more... 2 more... 2 more... 5 more... Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security « International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis « International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices « International Journal of Software Computing and Testing « International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences Physics « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Civil Engineering « International Journal of Water Resources Engineering « International Journal of Concrete Technology « International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis « International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning Electrical Engineering « International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits « International Journal of Automatic Control System « International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives « International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and Circuits Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials « International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials « International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology « International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry « International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry « International Journal of Green Chemistry « International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering « International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour « International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing « International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis « International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics « International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements 5 more... 4 more... 3 more... Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials « International Journal of Plant Biotechnology « International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology « International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules « International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications 3 more... Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing « International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing « International Journal of Neurological Nursing « International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing « International Journal of Oncological Nursing 5 more... 4 more... Subm it Your A rticle2016 www.journalspub.com