INTERNSHIPREPORT SERVICE COMPNAY
Download as DOCX, PDF0 likes425 views
1. The document provides details about the internship report of Muhammad Talha Majeed at Service Industries Limited. It includes sections on the production process, raw materials, equipment used, and processes for making motorcycle tires and tubes. 2. Raw materials for tires include synthetic and natural rubber, carbon black, sulfur, and pigments. Key equipment mentioned are the Banbury mill for mixing and the warming roll mill for shaping rubber. 3. Processes described for motorcycle tires include mixing compounds, testing in the laboratory, building the tire on shaping equipment, and adding components like beads and treads.
![12 | P a g e
Carbon Black
The most common use (70%) of carbon black is as a pigment and reinforcing
phase in automobile tires. Carbon black also helps conduct heat away from the
tread and belt area of the tire, reducing thermal damage and increasing tire life.
Carbon black particles are also employed in some radar absorbent materials used
in the reduction of the radar cross-section of aircraft and in photocopier and laser
printer toner, and other inks and paints. The high tinting strength and stability of
carbon black has also provided use in coloring of resins and films.[5]
About 20% of
world production goes into belts, hoses, and other non-tire rubber goods. The
balance is mainly used as a pigment in inks, coatings and plastics. For example, it
is added to polypropylene because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which
otherwise causes the material to degrade.
Carbon black has been used in various applications for electronics. As a good
conductor of electricity, carbon black is used as a filler mixed in plastics,
elastomer, films, adhesives, and paints.[5] Application of carbon black as an
antistatic agent has provided uses as an additive for fuel caps and pipes for
automobiles.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5d4036ba-b22c-461d-86ec-1a6a9451845b-160305181509/85/INTERNSHIPREPORT-SERVICE-COMPNAY-12-320.jpg)
INTERNSHIPREPORT SERVICE COMPNAY
- 1. 1 | P a g e x
- 2. 2 | P a g e INTERNSHIPREPORT PRODUCTION PROCESS Service industriesLimited. 16
- 3. 3 | P a g e S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO. 1 Acknowledgement 4 2 Executive summary 5 3 Introduction&history 6,7 4 Vision Statement 8 5 IntroductionRubber 9 6 Raw Material 10 7 Synthetic Rubber/Butyl Rubber 11 8 Carbon black 12 9 Sulphur 13 10 Pigment/Features of The pigment 14 11 Accelerators/ Banbury Mill 15,16,17 12 Laboratory Equipment’s, MC Tyre, warming Roll Mill,4 -baal clender,Bead wire, Talcum powder showering, Toping compound for thread Making 18 To 25 13 MC Tube 26 To 32 14 BI-Cycle Tyre & Tube 33 To 40 15 Personal Coment’s 41
- 4. 4 | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All praises belong to almighty ALLAH who is the supreme Authority Knowing the ultimate relations underlying all sorts of phenomenon going on in this universe and whose blessings and exaltation flourished my thoughts and thrived my ambitions to have the cherished fruit of my humblest thanks to the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be upon him) who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge and knowledge for humanity as a whole. I deem it my utmost pleasure to avail this opportunity to express gratitude and deep sense of obligation to my reverend teachers, for their valuable and dexterous guidance, scholarly criticism, untiring help, compassionate attitude, kind behavior, moral support and enlightened supervision during the whole study and completion of the project. I am also gratitude to staff of Service industries Limited.. Especially Mr.Imran Shahzad Dar (HOD Lab & Mixing) Mr.AmjadJaved (HOD MC Tyre) Mr.Baseer Abbas (HOD MC Tube) Mr.Tauseef (HOD CCT) Who provides me useful information during the internship program. I am thankful to all those people, who provide me valuable information. Finally, I should like to extend heartfelt thanks to my adoring PARENTS, for their day and night prayers, sacrifices, encouragement, moral and financial support throughout the course of my study. Muhammad Talha Majeed B.E. (Chemical Engineering) INPROGRESS
- 5. 5 | P a g e EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is based on the activities performed during the internship at Service industries Limited.. Internship duration was 30 days and it provided practical knowledge of working in professional environment. This learning experience is described in detail in the various sections of this report. In the first section, there is some detail about the company. The history and present status of the company is explained. The organization structure and the details of its management along with its location are also discussed. I have also discussed the operations, process and machine use in cement manufacturing. The second section provides information about the activities that I performed during the internship. I worked as an internee mainly in production department. The third and last section includes the conclusion.
- 6. 6 | P a g e GENERAL VIEW /History of SERVICE The story of 'Servis'begins with a group of friends - young, energetic, fresh from college - who established ServiceIndustries morethan 50 years ago. These young men, named Ch. Nazar Muhammad (Late), Ch. Muhammad Hussain (Late) both from Gujrat district and Ch. Muhammad Saeed (Late) from Gujranwala District, started business in 1941 at a small scale in Lahore. At that time, they were only manufacturing handbags and some other sports goods. Within years their business flourished remarkably and they were supplying their products to every corner of India at the time of Partition. In 1954, they installed a shoe manufacturing plant at industrial area Gulberg, Lahore. This started production in the same year. The industry started manufacturing various types of shoes. Later management shifted the factory from Lahore to Gujrat. Service Sales Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd. the Group's marketing company was established in 1959. Humility, fairness, and respect were the values close to the heart of these founders and it were these values that led to phenomenal success of the Group over the years.
- 7. 7 | P a g e Today, the production side of the company has flourished into Service Industries Limited (SIL) which has world-class shoes, tires, tubes, and rubber production facilities in Gujrat and Muridke. SIL is also the leading exporter of footwear. Service Sales Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd. (SSC) is today Pakistan's leading footwear retailer which is also diversifying into other businesses. A humble venture of friends has grown into a Group that makes a difference in lives of millions of people every day today.
- 8. 8 | P a g e Vision Statement To be a marketleader providing quality footwear and allied products. To strive for excellence and global recognition by continuous improvement, innovation, dedication and growth. To be result oriented and profitable company by consistently improving market share quality, diversity, availability, presentation, and customer acceptance. To emerge as a growth oriented concern ensuring optimum return and value addition to its shareholders. To ensure cost consciousness in decision making and operation without compromising the commitment to quality. To create an efficient resource management and conducive business environment. Evolving an effective leadership by creating a highly professional and motivated management team fully equipped to meet any challenge. To keep abreast with modern technology and design to optimize production and enhance brand image to attain international mechanization for company products.
- 9. 9 | P a g e INTRODUCTION RUBEER The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical compounds. They consistof a tread and a body. The tread provides traction while the body provides containment for a quantity ofcompressed air. Beforerubber was developed, the firstversions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear. Early rubber tires were solid (not pneumatic). Today, the majority of tires are pneumatic inflatable structures, comprising a doughnut-shaped body of cords and wires encased in rubber and generally filled with compressed air to form an inflatable cushion. Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, including cars, bicycles, motorcycles, buses, trucks, heavy equipment,andaircraft.
- 10. 10 | P a g e Raw Materials Rubber is the main raw material used in manufacturing tires, and both natural and synthetic rubber are used. Natural rubber is found as a milky liquid in the bark of the rubber tree, Hevea Brasiliensis. To produce the raw rubber used in tire manufacturing, the liquid latex is mixed with acids that cause the rubber to solidify. Presses squeeze out excess water and form the rubber into sheets, and then the sheets are dried in tall smokehouses, pressed into enormous bales, and shipped to tire factories around the world. Synthetic rubber is produced from the polymers found in crude oil. The other primary ingredient in tire rubber is carbon black. Carbon black is a fine, soft powder created when crude oil or natural gas is burned with a limited amount of oxygen, causing incomplete combustion and creating a large amount of fine soot. So much carbon black is required for manufacturing tires that rail cars transport it and huge silos store the carbon black at the tire factory until it is needed. Sulfur and other chemicals are also used in tires. Specific chemicals, when mixed with rubber and then heated, produce specific tire characteristics such as high friction (but low mileage) for a racing tire or high mileage (but lower friction) for a passenger car tire. Some chemicals keep the rubber flexible while it is being shaped into a tire while other chemicals protect the rubber from the ultraviolet radiation in sunshine. Polymers Accelerators Antioxidants Activators Dispersing agent Antiozonent Tackifier Curing agent Fillers Pigments Plasticizers
- 11. 11 | P a g e Synthetic Rubber A synthetic rubber is any artificial elastomer. These are mainly polymers synthesised frompetroleum byproducts. About15 billion kilograms of rubbers are produced annually, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Butyl Rubber Butyl rubber also called isobutylene-isoprene rubber, a synthetic rubber produced by copolymerizing isobutylene with small amounts of isoprene. Valued for its chemical inertness, impermeability to gases, and weather ability, butyl rubber is employed in the inner linings of automobile tires and in other specialty applications. Butyl rubber and halogenated rubber are used for the innerliner that holds the air in the tire.
- 12. 12 | P a g e Carbon Black The most common use (70%) of carbon black is as a pigment and reinforcing phase in automobile tires. Carbon black also helps conduct heat away from the tread and belt area of the tire, reducing thermal damage and increasing tire life. Carbon black particles are also employed in some radar absorbent materials used in the reduction of the radar cross-section of aircraft and in photocopier and laser printer toner, and other inks and paints. The high tinting strength and stability of carbon black has also provided use in coloring of resins and films.[5] About 20% of world production goes into belts, hoses, and other non-tire rubber goods. The balance is mainly used as a pigment in inks, coatings and plastics. For example, it is added to polypropylene because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which otherwise causes the material to degrade. Carbon black has been used in various applications for electronics. As a good conductor of electricity, carbon black is used as a filler mixed in plastics, elastomer, films, adhesives, and paints.[5] Application of carbon black as an antistatic agent has provided uses as an additive for fuel caps and pipes for automobiles.
- 13. 13 | P a g e Sulphur Actually sulphur is used in the process of Vulcanization. and a vulcanized rubber (The vulcanized material is less sticky and has superior mechanical properties) is used to make tyres (and also many other articles). Now coming to your tyres it is Polyisoprene (Natural rubbers) and Styrene- butadiene Rubbers arevulcanized. During vulcanization, some of these C-H bonds are replaced by chains of sulfur atoms that link with a cure site of another polymer chain, The number of sulfur atoms in the crosslink strongly influences the physical properties of the final rubber article. sulphur is used in the vulcanization process.and hence the produce rubber is less stickly and more usefull.
- 14. 14 | P a g e Pigment Pigments are generally coloured, organic or inorganic solid powder, and usually are insoluble. They are not affected physically or chemically in the substrate in which they are incorporated. Pigments can give a full range of colours. Pigments have a variety of applications that includes plastics, ink, and coating applications. Features of the Pigments The pigments are versatile coloring agents that comes with all round features to give credence to its suitability in a variety of mediums. Some of the striking features are given here: Excellent light and weather fastness. A good baking stability that makes them suitable for automotive and other industrialpaints. High tinting strength. Good over spray fastness when applied in paints. Gives heat stability of around 300°C in the caseof Polyolefins Plastics Excellent solventresistanceproperties. Easily dispersible. Consistency and uniqueness of shades. Factors that go in selecting the right Pigment While choosing a pigment depends on application, following broad factors can be taken as a guide: Hiding efficiency Colour pH value Bulking value Density Refractive index Hardness Oil absorption
- 15. 15 | P a g e Accelerators Accelerator, in the rubber industry, any of numerous chemical substances that cause vulcanization of rubber to occur more rapidly or at lower temperatures. Many classes of compounds actas accelerators, the most important being organic materials containing sulfur and nitrogen, especially derivatives of benzothiazole. An accelerator is defined as the chemical added into a rubber compound to increase the speed of vulcanization and to permit vulcanization to proceed at lower temperature and with greater efficiency. Accelerator also Decreases the Quantity of Sulphur necessary for vulcanization and thus improving 'aged' properties of the rubber vulcanizates. Accelerators are also classified as Primary and / or Secondary accelerators based on the role they play in a given compound. Classification of Accelerators Accelerators Vulcanization Speed MBT, MBTS Semi Ultra fast TMTD Ultra fast DPG Slow
- 16. 16 | P a g e Banbury Mill Industrial mixers and blenders are used to mix or blend a wide range of materials used in different industries including the food,chemical, pharmaceutical, plastic and mineral industries.They are mainly used to mix different materials using different types of blades to make a good quality homogeneous mixture. Included are dry blending devices, paste mixing designs for high viscosity products and high shear models for emulsification, particle size reduction and homogenization. Industrial mixers range from laboratory to production linescale. They can operate at different temperatures and pressures for mixing different solutions and can also have internal or external heating systems added to them. Systems can come equipped with hydraulic or electronic soft start mechanisms so that they start and stop smoothly.
- 17. 17 | P a g e In addition to performing typical batch mixing operations, some mixing can be done continuously. Using a machine like the Continuous Processor, one or more dry ingredients and one or more liquid ingredients can be accurately and consistently metered into the machine and see a continuous, homogeneous mixture come out the discharge of the machine. Many industries have converted to continuous mixing for many reasons. Some of those are ease of cleaning, lower energy consumption, smaller footprint, versatility, control, and many others. Continuous mixers, such as the twin-screw Continuous Processor, also have the ability to handle very high viscosities. (Mixer)
- 18. 18 | P a g e Laboratory: Equipment's Laboratory equipment are tools and equipment used by scientists who work in a laboratory. All equipment are show given below. Aniline Viscosity tub Curing analyzer Mixing grader Flash point tester Rehometer,s Tensometer Press cutter Abrasion tester Weigh balance Iodine absorption unit Flex cracking machine Plunger test Aging Oven Viscosity measuring tub
- 19. 19 | P a g e MC TYRE MC TYRE INTRODUCTION After mixing and testing the compounds of rubber the next process is to make the tyre,s and tubes. A tire (American English) or tyre (British English) is a ring-shaped vehicle component that covers the wheel's rim to protect it and enable better vehicle performance. Most tires, such as those for automobiles and bicycles, provide traction between the vehicle and the road while providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock. (Bike tyre) The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical compounds. They consistof a tread and a body. The tread provides traction while the body provides containment for a quantity of compressed air. Before rubber was developed, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear. Early rubber tires were solid (not pneumatic). Today, the majority of tires are pneumatic inflatable structures, comprising a doughnut-shaped body of cords and wires encased in rubber and generally filled with compressed air to form an inflatable cushion. Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, including cars, bicycles, motorcycles, trucks, heavy equipment, and aircraft. Metal tires are still used on locomotives and railcars, and solid rubber (or other polymer) tires are still used in various non-automotive applications, such as some casters, carts, lawnmowers, and wheelbarrows.
- 20. 20 | P a g e Warming roll mill Roll forming, also spelled rollforming, is a type of rolling involving the continuous bending of a long strip of sheet metal (typically coiled steel) into a desired cross-section. The strip passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section (profile) is obtained. Roll forming is ideal for producing constant-profile parts with long lengths and in large quantities. The process of roll forming is one of the simpler manufacturing processes. It typically begins with a large coil of sheet metal, between 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 20 inches (51 cm). in width, and 0.004 inches (0.10 mm) and 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) thick, supported on an un coiler. The strip is fed through an entry guide to properly align the material as it passes through the rolls of the mill, each set of rolls forming a bend until the material reaches its desired shape. Roll sets are typically mounted one over the other on a pair of horizontal parallel shafts supported by a stand(s). Side rolls and cluster rolls may also be used to provide greater precision and flexibility and to limit stresses on the material. The shaped strips can be cut to length ahead of a roll forming mill, between mills, or at the end of the roll forming line.
- 21. 21 | P a g e 4-Ball CLENDER A calender is a series of hard pressure rollers used to form or smooth a sheet of material such as paper or plastic film. In a principal paper application, the calender is located at the end of a papermaking process (on-line). Those that are used separately from the process (off-line) are also called super calenders. The purpose of a calender is to make the paper smooth and glossy for printing and writing, as well as of a consistent thickness for capacitors which use paper as their dielectric membrane. The calender section of a paper machine consists of a calender and other equipment. The paper web is run between in order to further smooth it out, which also gives it a more uniform thickness. The pressure applied to the web by the rollers determines the finish of the paper, and there are three types of finish that the paper can have. The first is machine finish, and can range from a rough antique look to a smooth high quality finish. The second is called a super calendered finish and is a higher degree for fine-screened halftone printing. The third type of finish is called a plater finish, and whereas the first two types of finish are accomplished by the calender stack itself, a plater finish is obtained by placing cut sheets of paper between zinc or copper plates that are stacked together, then put under pressure and heating. A special finish such as a linen finish would be achieved by placing a piece of linen between the plate and the sheet of paper, or else an embossed steel roll might be used.
- 22. 22 | P a g e After calendering, the web has a moisture content of about 6% (depending on the furnish). It is wound onto a roll called a tambour, and stored for final cutting and shipping. There are three extruders in tyer department which are following 1. China extruder 2. Iddon extruder 3. Kayton extruder These three have same work. Cutting Machine Cutting machine is mixed on converyor which cutt the thread on the required size. Bead wire First of all make the wire which is used into the tyre for strengthening and maintain its original shapes in use. Bead wire actually the steel wire which have copper coating on upper surface to prevent against rust. Wire,s are tends into shapes by continuous process rolls of wire are used in this process. Different types of stretches machines roll the specific numbers of wire for required tyre making. These wire,s strength coated with bead wire compound which is feed through the extruding machine. Cooling phenomena working to cool down the bead wire. At the end roll joining machine convert the wire into circular shape and joined he ends.
- 23. 23 | P a g e Talcum Powder Showering After that talcum power sprinkled or shower on bead wire to resist againstthe sticking with each other. Toping compound On next the toping compound prepared. Here the compound firstly reheated or remixed by warmroller and convert them into thick sheet. The thick sheet used to making the sandwich which means the nylon coward added into compound. Coward have specific thickness. Actually the reason of making toping compound to reinforced the tyre compound. Coward settled between two layers of compound. After that its is cut down at specific angle. Tread Compound For Tread Making Tread compound is used to make the tread that upper surface of tyre which is directly contact with the road. Its slightly harder then others its making by extruder machine tread make by specific die.
- 24. 24 | P a g e Horizontal bias cutter horizontal bias cutter is not only high efficiency, but also at the most high speed. Assembly After that all these compound assemble by air presser assembler. First of all toping part joined then bead wire and at last tread joined at upper surface ats above mention.
- 25. 25 | P a g e Curing Process of Tyre After that assembly the component put forward for curing process its really special or main process to making the tyre,s. Here curing presses working which cured the tyre by steam pressure which have 180 degree celcius. The curing time for MC tyre is 16 min,s. Curing time for BC tyre is 12-14 min,s same process for BC tyre production bead wire quantity is less then MC tyre. Motorcycle Tire Production Flow Chart
- 26. 26 | P a g e MC TUBE MC TUBE PRODUCTION Warming roll mill Roll forming, also spelled roll forming, is a type of rolling involving the continuous bending of a long strip of sheet metal (typically coiled steel) into a desired cross-section. The strip passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section (profile) is obtained. Roll forming is ideal for producing constant-profile parts with long lengths and in large quantities. Refinery In refinery the rubber sheets are add to make It impurity free. All the impurities are removed in this process like dust particeles soil particales and paper. The refinery machine contain 3 wire gauze at the end of his head two have same diameter and one have same diameter. These three wire gauze can not allow the impurities to pass all the impurities are traped in it. We get pure thread from this machine.
- 27. 27 | P a g e Extruder The process begins by heating the stock material (for hot or warm extrusion). It is then loaded into the container in the press. A dummy block is placed behind it where the ram then presses on the material to push it out of the die. Afterward the extrusion is stretched in order to straighten it. If better properties are required then it may be heat treated or cold worked. The extrusion ratio is defined as the starting cross-sectional area divided by the cross-sectional area of the final extrusion. One of the main advantages of the extrusion process is that this ratio can be very large while still producing quality parts. Extrusion is a hot working process, which means it is done above the material's recrystallization temperature to keep the material from work hardening and to make it easier to push the material through the die. Most hot extrusions are done on horizontal hydraulic presses thatrange from230 to 11,000 metric tons (250 to 12,130 short tons). Pressures range from 30 to 700 MPa (4,400 to 101,500 psi), therefore lubrication is required, which can be oil or graphite for lower temperature extrusions, or glass powder for higher temperature extrusions. The biggest disadvantage of this process is its cost for machinery and its upkeep. The extrusion process is generally economical when producing between several kilograms (pounds) and many tons, depending on the material being extruded. There is a crossover point where roll forming becomes more economical. For instance, some steels become more economical to roll if producing more than 20,000 kg (50,000 lb).
- 28. 28 | P a g e Water cooling conveyer As the hot tube come out from the extrude is then pass in the water cooling conveyer which cools it and came its temperature at moderate rate. Cutter The cool is then pass below a cutter which cuts it in required size and then make a hole at its one end. On that hole a nuzzle is attached which is used for air intake.
- 29. 29 | P a g e SOFT STONE The calcium carbonate is spread on the tube. This is because the tubes can notsteck with each other. Splicer This is a machine use for the joining of both ends of the tube. The tube joint required a very low temperature to set so the temperature of splicer machine room is very low.
- 30. 30 | P a g e Tube curing press Here, in the curing process, cross-linking strengthens the individual rubber components. And, the cross-linking process bonds different components to each other. Tread rubber isn’t just adhered to under tread and sidewall rubber. Chemical bonds link the various components to each other. The result is that the many individual parts of the tire are so powerfully linked to each other that it’s almost impossible to pull them apart. That truly makes all of the tire components work together. In service curing room, the presses that contain the molds are loaded and unloaded automatically, with robot carts delivering green tires at the right time for each curing cycle. Computers control curing times, temperatures and pressures. Curing room management is a specialized job in itself. Because you need different types and sizes of tires at different times, crews have to change the molds in a given press continually. Molds are hot, heavy, complex and easily damaged, so changing them takes time and care. Molds also have to be maintained on a regular basis. In the mold shop, technicians clean and repair any damage, to keep molds ready for production. And, occasionally, a new mold has to be made to replace an old one. Molds are stored and retrieved from giant shelving units in the mold shop.
- 31. 31 | P a g e PACKING Packing Machine Packaging machines are machines that complete stages of the packaging process. Examples include filling machines, sealing machines, wrapping machines, strapping machines, labelling machines and coding machines. Packaging machines have advantages such as reducing labor costs associated and increasing the efficiency of the packaging process through the use of automation. Packaging is necessary to protect products, and is now done mainly through the use of packaging machinery. Machinery plays increasingly important roles such as: Improvelabor productivity. Sliding blister sealing machine packaging machinery is much faster than manual packaging. One good example of this is the candy packing machine. Here, hundreds to thousands of candies can be wrapped in minutes. Tube production flow chart
- 32. 32 | P a g e BI-CYCLE TYRE & TUBE TYRE Warming roll mill Roll forming, also spelled rollforming, is a type of rolling involving the continuous bending of a long strip of sheet metal (typically coiled steel) into a desired cross-section. The strip passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section (profile) is obtained. Roll forming is ideal for producing constant-profile parts with long lengths and in large quantities.
- 33. 33 | P a g e Bead wire First of all make the wire which is used into the tyre for strengthening and maintain its original shapes in use. Bead wire actually the steel wire which have copper coating on upper surface to prevent against rust. Wire,s are tends into shapes by continuous process rolls of wire are used in this process. Assembly After that all these compound assemble by air presser assembler. First of all toping part joined then bead wire and at last tread joined at upper surface ats above mention.
- 34. 34 | P a g e Curing Process of Tyre After that assembly the component put forward for curing process its really special or main process to making the tyre,s. Here curing presses working which cured the tyre by steam pressure which have 180 degree celcius. The curing time for Bi-cycle tyre is 5 min,s. Bicycle flow chart
- 35. 35 | P a g e TUBE Warming roll mill Roll forming, also spelled roll forming, is a type of rolling involving the continuous bending of a long strip of sheet metal (typically coiled steel) into a desired cross-section. The strip passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section (profile) is obtained. Roll forming is ideal for producing constant-profile parts with long lengths and in large quantities. Refinery In refinery the rubber sheets are add to make It impurity free. All the impurities are removed in this process like dust particeles soil particales and paper. The refinery machine contain 3 wire gauze at the end of his head two have same diameter and one have same diameter. These three wire gauze can not allow the impurities to pass all the impurities are traped in it. We get pure thread from this machine. Extruder The process begins by heating the stock material (for hot or warm extrusion). It is then loaded into the container in the press. A dummy block is placed behind it where the ram then presses on the material to push it out of the die. Afterward the extrusion is stretched in order to straighten it. If better properties are required then it may be heat treated or cold worked.
- 36. 36 | P a g e Water cooling conveyer As the hot tube come out from the extrude is then pass in the water cooling conveyer which cools it and came its temperature at moderate rate. Cutter The cool is then pass below a cutter which cuts it in required size and then make a hole at its one end. On that hole a nuzzle is attached which is used for air intake.
- 37. 37 | P a g e SOFT STONE The calcium carbonate is spread on the tube. This is because the tubes can notsteck with each other. Splicer This is a machine use for the joining of both ends of the tube. The tube joint required a very low temperature to set so the temperature of splicer machine room is very low.
- 38. 38 | P a g e Tube curing press Here, in the curing process, cross-linking strengthens the individual rubber components. And, the cross-linking process bonds different components to each other. Tread rubber isn’t just adhered to under tread and sidewall rubber. Chemical bonds link the various components to each other. The result is that the many individual parts of the tire are so powerfully linked to each other that it’s almost impossible to pull them apart. That truly makes all of the tire components work together. In service curing room, the presses that contain the molds are loaded and unloaded automatically, with robot carts delivering green tires at the right time for each curing cycle. Computers control curing times, temperatures and pressures. Curing room management is a specialized job in itself. Because you need different types and sizes of tires at different times, crews have to change the molds in a given press continually. Molds are hot, heavy, complex and easily damaged, so changing them takes time and care. Molds also have to be maintained on a regular basis. In the mold shop, technicians clean and repair any damage, to keep molds ready for production. And, occasionally, a new mold has to be made to replace an old one. Molds are stored and retrieved from giant shelving units in the mold shop.
- 39. 39 | P a g e PACKING Packing Machine Packaging machines are machines that complete stages of the packaging process. Examples include filling machines, sealing machines, wrapping machines, strapping machines, labelling machines and coding machines. Packaging machines have advantages such as reducing labor costs associated and increasing the efficiency of the packaging process through the use of automation. Packaging is necessary to protect products, and is now done mainly through the use of packaging machinery. Machinery plays increasingly important roles such as: Improvelabor productivity. Sliding blister sealing machine packaging machinery is much faster than manual packaging. One good example of this is the candy packing machine. Here, hundreds to thousands of candies can be wrapped in minutes. Ensure packaging quality. Mechanical packaging is particularly important for exported goods to achieve consistent packaging. Handle specialized requirements, such as vacuumpackaging, inflatable packaging, skin packaging and pressure filling. Reduce labor and improve working conditions for bulky/heavy products. Protect workers from health effects brought by dust, toxic/hazardous products and prevent environmental contamination. Reduce packaging costs and save storage costs for loose products, such as cotton, tobacco, silk, linen, etc., by simply using compression packaging. Reliably ensure product hygiene by eliminating hand contact with food and medicines.
- 40. 40 | P a g e Personal Comments 1. Service Industry is a very good and Largest company of Pakistan. 2. Employees are well mannered and their behavior is ideal. 3. The Control system of company is excellent. 4. The Senior manager is very good and he guided me very well. 5. I must have to mention the excellent condition of Cleanliness in this company. 6. I wish I could join this company after the completion of my engineering.