![Thread 1
Thread 2
static __thread int i = 0;
static int j = 0;
void
start_thread(void *dummy)
{
char hello[6];
char *world;
memcpy(hello, "hello", 5);
world = malloc(sizeof(char) * 5);
memcpy(world, "world", 5);
i++;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pthread_t t0, t1;
rc = pthread_create(&t0, NULL,
start_thread, NULL);
rc = pthread_create(&t1, NULL,
start_thread, NULL);
return 0;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interoperablephpnew-150920180158-lva1-app6891/85/Interoperable-PHP-40-320.jpg)
Interoperable PHP
- 1. Interoperable PHP βWe are only as strong as we are united, as weak as we are divided.β Dambledore Anatol Belski PHP Specialist September 2015
- 2. Interoperable PHP Anatol Belski @weltling ab@php.net #php.pecl on efnet #winphp-dev on freenode PHP 7.0 release manager PHP core developer OSS guy
- 3. Interoperable PHP OSTC β’ PHP β’ Hyper-V β’ Azure β’ Samba β’ Docker
- 6. Interoperable PHP A cross-platform program is β¦ - Hardware - OS - Architecture - β¦ independent and can run under various constellations.
- 7. Interoperable PHP Topics β’ Filesystem β’ Time API β’ Performance β’ 32- vs 64-bit β’ Thread safety β’ Beyond
- 8. Interoperable PHP Brief UNIX/Windows diff UNIX/Linux β’ gcc β’ many libs β’ processes β’ C99 β’ Ext*, reiserFS, HFS, etc. β’ UNIX permissions Windows β’ vc++ β’ core API + OSS libs β’ threads β’ C99 starting with VC12 β’ NTFS, FAT β’ ACLs
- 9. Filesystem
- 10. Interoperable PHP File permissions UNIX/Linux β’ chmod +x file β’ chmod -r file β’ chmod ugo-r file β’ chmod +r file β’ no equivalent β’ no equivalent β’ chmod +t somedir Windows β’ no equivalent β’ icacls file /deny nick:(R) β’ no equivalent β’ icacls file /grant nick:(R) β’ icacls file /grant nick:(GR,GW) β’ icacls file /inheritance:e β’ no equivalent
- 11. Interoperable PHP File/process permissions β’ UNIX/Linux β’ chmod(), chown(), etc. β’ process permissions are handled same way as file ones β’ Windows β’ icacls β’ impersonation β’ Unmapped UNIX users built-in SID mapping
- 12. Interoperable PHP Access time β’ ext3, ext4 and others β’ noatime,nodiratime in /etc/fstab β’ NTFS β’ fsutil behavior query DisableLastAccess β’ fsutil behavior set DisebleLastAccess 0
- 13. Interoperable PHP NTFS streams C:tmp> echo hello > foo.txt C:tmp>echo world > foo.txt:bar.txt C:tmp>dir /r foo.txt Volume in drive C is SYSTEM Volume Serial Number is AE0A-76BD Directory of C:tmp 08/31/2015 11:50 PM 8 foo.txt 8 foo.txt:bar.txt:$DATA 1 File(s) 8 bytes 0 Dir(s) 59,944,050,688 bytes free
- 14. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 1 <?php var_dump(file_exists("/")); // Windows bool(true) //Linux bool(true)
- 15. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 2 <?php var_dump(dirname('/windows/system', 2)); // Windows string(1) "β //Linux string(1) β/"
- 16. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 3 <?php $f = fopen("file.txt", "w"); var_dump(unlink("file.txt")); // Windows Warning: unlink(file.txt): Permission denied in Command line code on line 1 bool(false) //Linux bool(true)
- 17. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 4 <?php var_dump(fopen("some/directory", "r")); // Windows Warning: fopen(some/directory): failed to open stream: Permission denied in Command line code on line 1 bool(false) //Linux resource(5) of type (stream)
- 18. Interoperable PHP Some PHP FS functions β’ readdir() β’ glob() β’ symlink() β’ relapath() β’ temp dir β’ PHP extension paths
- 19. Time APIs
- 20. Interoperable PHP System time APIs β’ TSC β’ RDTSC β’ RDTSCP β’ PM clock β’ HPET timer β’ POSIX clock β’ WIN8+
- 21. Interoperable PHP gettimeofday() β’ UNIX/Linux β’ us resolution + dependency on userspace tools β’ Windows β’ Win8+ with resolution <1us
- 22. Interoperable PHP Time examples in PHP β’ microtime() != microtime() β’ uniqid() is based on microtime() β’ usleep() β’ timeout handling
- 23. PHP Performance
- 24. Interoperable PHP PHP opcode caches β’ Opcache β’ WinCache β’ APC β’ APCu
- 25. Interoperable PHP Performance PHP way β’ QB extension β’ Zephir β’ Recki-ct β’ Memcache, etc. β’ Write good PHP ο
- 26. Interoperable PHP Performance compiler way β’ PGO (VC++) β’ LTO/FDO (gcc) β’ Assembler β’ Compiler intrinsics
- 27. Interoperable PHP PGO Instrument β’ Produce an instrumented build Train β’ Run training scenarios Optimize β’ Produce optimized build using the training data
- 28. 64-bit
- 29. Interoperable PHP Do you think this works? $x = str_repeat("x", PHP_INT_MAX);
- 30. Interoperable PHP 64- vs 32-bit in PHP 64-bit β’ In general slower β’ 9.22337204 Γ 109 GB RAM addressable β’ 64-bit integers β’ LFS β’ 64-bit string length 32-bit β’ In general faster β’ Less than 2 GB RAM addressable β’ 32-bit integers β’ 32-bit file operations β’ 32-bit string length
- 31. Interoperable PHP Types in PHP7 β’ zend_long for integers β’ zend_ulong for numeric hashes β’ size_t for string length β’ zend_off_t for file offsets β’ zend_stat_t for file offsets
- 34. Interoperable PHP Process/Thread Process single threaded stack text data heap Process multi threaded stack stack text data heap Thread 1 Thread 2
- 35. Interoperable PHP Treads vs processes β’ Thread locking β’ Shared memory β’ security β’ performance
- 36. Interoperable PHP PHP SAPIs β’ Apache (worker, prefork, winnt) β’ CGI/FastCGI/FPM (NGINX, IIS, Apache, etc.) β’ Embed β’ Many unsupported SAPIs removed in PHP7
- 37. Interoperable PHP Apache mpm_prefork Master Child 1 Child 2 Child n
- 38. Interoperable PHP Apache mpm_worker Master Child 1 Child 2 Child n v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v v v
- 39. Interoperable PHP TLS β __thread qualifier is not a standard β __declspec(thread) is not a standard β thread_local is C++11 standard
- 40. Thread 1 Thread 2 static __thread int i = 0; static int j = 0; void start_thread(void *dummy) { char hello[6]; char *world; memcpy(hello, "hello", 5); world = malloc(sizeof(char) * 5); memcpy(world, "world", 5); i++; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { pthread_t t0, t1; rc = pthread_create(&t0, NULL, start_thread, NULL); rc = pthread_create(&t1, NULL, start_thread, NULL); return 0; }
- 41. Interoperable PHP TLS in PHP7 TSRM/TSRM.h #ifdef TSRM_WIN32 # define TSRM_TLS __declspec(thread) #else # define TSRM_TLS __thread #endif Zend/zend_types.h #ifdef ZTS #define ZEND_TLS static TSRM_TLS #define ZEND_EXT_TLS TSRM_TLS #else #define ZEND_TLS static #define ZEND_EXT_TLS #endif
- 42. Interoperable PHP TS or NTS with PHP? TS β’ Less RAM consuming β’ Faster startup β’ Less library compatibility β’ More complexity β’ Slower processing NTS β’ More RAM consuming β’ Slower startup β’ More library compatibility β’ Less complexity β’ Faster processing
- 43. Interoperable PHP Some PHP core functions β’ mt_rand() β’ fork() β’ chroot() β’ setlocale()/localeconv() β’ symlink()/link() β’ fputcsv() β’ mail() β’ getenv()/putenv()
- 44. Interoperable PHP C APIs implementations in PHP snprintf sprintf spprintf strlcat strlcpy glob sscanf strnatcmp strtod gettimeofday usleep nanosleep select opendir readdir rewinddir flock socketpair syslog openlog closelog ...
- 45. Questions?
- 47. Interoperable PHP Links β’ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k.aspx β’ http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2013/05/06/speeding-up-php-performance-for-your-application-using-profile-guided-optimization- pgo.aspx β’ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364404%28v=vs.85%29.aspx β’ https://wiki.php.net/rfc/removal_of_dead_sapis β’ https://wiki.php.net/rfc/remove_deprecated_functionality_in_php7 β’ https://wiki.php.net/rfc/native-tls β’ https://wiki.php.net/rfc/size_t_and_int64_next
Editor's Notes
- #6: Hardware β various hardware existing or needed for a program. Architecture β how is the hardware put together. OS β an exact operating system. Tree above β platform. Program β actual binary running upon the platform. With PHP - the PHP interpreter.
- #7: A cross-platform program can be handled within the same source tree, or with different sources for different platforms. As well many interpreted programming languages supports multiple platforms. Also there are like a dozen platforms within Unix, Linux, Windows.
- #12: Access control lists and others vs UNIX permissions. Unmapped UNIX user example β Samba, NFS, etc.
- #13: Atime is usually off by default off windows. On linux depends on a distribution, but most likely is on.
- #19: readdir() fileorder can differ not only between platforms, but also depends on filesystems. symlink() with relative paths is not thread safe, threads could have changed the CWD. realpath() might show different results depending on platform/OS. Fe case insensitive on Windows, case sensitive on Linux, optional case sensitivity on OSX.
- #21: TSC β time stamp counter, a 64-bit register on intel Architectures. The TSC frequency is not assumed to be constant, it is periodically tweaked, that is what the adjtimex system call is for. A user space program/daemon (like NTP and PTP) uses adjtimex to tell Linux how to slew the frequency over time. A periodic procedure calibrates the TSC frequency and the period is given by the RTC (system clock)? So the change of the TSC counter is compared to an elapsed time of the RTC (system clock). Thus the resulting TSC frequency is calibrated to give exactly one million microseconds/second PM clock β power management clock rate, might depend on ACPI β advanced configuration and power interface HPET β high precision event timer POSIX clock β standard for implementing and representing time sources, abstraction layer
- #23: Usleep() β¦ system call, posix monotonic clock vs performance timer β¦ mention hrtime here Timeout counting on Linux doesnβt include time spent for syscalls, f.e. for sleep(). On Windows, timer is running in parallel with the PHP script execution.
- #25: Opcache ASLR issue on Windows Various shared memory issues in NTS builds. Under Linux shared memory is accessible between processes, Windows it's not always the case. Especially it's to mention for ACRL cases.
- #26: Like SQL query cache.
- #27: PGO β profile guided optimization LTO β link time optimization FDO β feedback directed optimization Windows x64 no inline ASM PHP targets SSE2 on x86 make clean make -j4 prof-gen # run training scripts make prof-clean make -j4 prof-use configure βenable-pgi nmake # run training nmake clean ./configure βenable-pgo nmake
- #31: Big file uploads count for LFS as well. A combination of 32-bit processes running on 64-bit OS β the processes are still a bit slower that on a native 32-bit OS, but can use their 2GB memory limits.
- #35: Stack pointer Registers Scheduling properties (such as policy or priority) Set of pending and blocked signals Thread specific data. Shared file descriptors and co.
- #37: Most of the dead stuff was removed in PHP7, embed can be used in any userspace programs, also used in several servers, fe NaviServer (former AOLserver).
- #38: Classic model when learning socket programming.
- #40: A good example for cross platform thread locking is APC. Cross-platform threading is possible with pthreads.
- #42: And mention globals in php7 are TLS based as well, but actually itβs a bigger topic which can turn into a sleeping pill ο In php7 it opens the door for better binary compatibility, because in many cases a thread specific global variable can be used instead of extending the extension globals structres. This can be a big salvation for bug fixes in the middle of some stable release.
- #43: TS less robust, more sparse servers can be started.
- #44: mail() isnβt thread safe until PHP7 on windows Locale is not thread safe mt_rand() might work not in the range expected symlink vs. junction Getenv()/putenv() isnβt thread safe. Fe #69636 . This has an alternative threaded API on windows, but no chance on linux.