Intro to Hadoop
Download as PPTX, PDF1 like789 views
The document presents an overview of Hadoop, detailing its versions, functionalities, and ecosystem components like MapReduce, Hive, and Pig. It emphasizes Hadoop's capability for handling large datasets, its architecture, and tools for data ingestion and processing, such as Sqoop and Flume. The discussion includes advancements in Hadoop 2.0, particularly the introduction of YARN for resource management and improvements in data querying through Impala.
Intro to Hadoop
- 1. Presented by: Jon Bloom Senior Consultant, Agile Bay, Inc.
- 2. Jon Bloom Blog: http://www.bloomconsultingbi.com Twitter: @sqljon Email: jbloom@AgileBay.com Certification: Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate MCSA SQL Server 2012 Customers & Partners
- 3. w w w . a g i l e b a y. c o m
- 4. Session Agenda What is Hadoop? Version 1.0 2.0 Demo:
- 6. Hadoop Apache Foundation Open Source Batch Processing Parallel, Reliable, Scalable Distributed Stores 3 copies Commodity Hardware Large Unstructured Data Sets Eventually Consistent
- 7. What is Hadoop Ecosystem Comprised of multiple Projects • MapReduce • Hive • Pig • Scoop • Oozie • Flume • ZooKeeper • Tez • Mahout • HBase • Ambari • Impala
- 8. Hadoop v1.0 2004 Yahoo Doug Cutting (Cloudera) • MapReduce • Written 100% in Java • Mappers • Splits Rows into Chunks • Reducers • Aggregates the Chunks • HDFS • Distributed File System • Java code is complex
- 9. Reason for Hadoop Data gets ingested into HDFS Java MapReduce Jobs run Parse out the Data Creates Output files Jobs can be re-run against Output files Run algorithms Handle Large, Complex Data Sets Look for “Insights” Raw Data (CSV, TXT, Binary, XML)
- 10. Name Nodes The “Brains” of Hadoop “Master” Server Single Point of Failure
- 11. Data Nodes “Slaves” Commodity Hardware Stores the Actual Data Runs Java Jar Files
- 12. Secondary Named Nodes Redundant Server Serves as Backup Typically on own Server
- 13. Job Tracker Keeps track of “Jobs” Resources Heartbeat
- 14. Task Tracker Keeps track of “Task” Resources Communicates with Job Tracker
- 15. Ingest Data When thinking about Hadoop, we think of data. How to get data into HDFS and how to get data out of HDFS. Luckily, Hadoop has some popular processes to accomplish this.
- 16. SQOOP SQOOP was created to move data back and forth easily from an External Database or flat file into HDFS or HIVE. There are some standard commands for moving data by Importing and Exporting data. When data is moved to HDFS, it creates files on the HDFS folder system. Those folders can be partitioned in a variety of ways. Data can be appended to the files through SQOOP jobs. And you can add a WHERE clause to pull just certain data, for example, just bring in data from yesterday, run the SQOOP job daily to populate Hadoop.
- 17. Hive Once data gets moved to Hadoop HDFS, you can add a layer of HIVE on top which structures the data into relational format. Once applied, the data can be queried by HIVE SQL. If creating a table, in the HIVE database schema, you can create an External table which is basically a metadata layer pass through which points to the actual data. So if you drop the External table, the data remains in tact.
- 18. PIG In addition, you can use a Hadoop language called PIG (not making this up), to massage the data into a structure series of steps, a form of ETL.
- 19. MapReduce HIVE and PIG allow easier access to the data However, they still get translated to M/R
- 20. ODBC From HIVE SQL, the tables are exposed to ODBC to allow data to be accessed via Reports, Databases, ETL, etc. So as you can see from the basic description above, if you can move data back and forth easily between Hadoop and your Relational Database (or flat files).
- 21. Connect to Data Once data is stored in HDW, it can be consumed by users via HIVE ODBC or Microsoft PowerBI, Tableau, Qlikview or SAP HANA or a variety of other tools sitting on top of the data layer, including Self Service tools.
- 22. HCatalog Sometimes when developing, users don't know where data is stored. And sometimes the data can be stored in a variety of formats, because HIVE, PIG and Map Reduce can have separate data model types. So HCatalog was created to alleviate some of the frustration. It's a table abstraction layer, meta data service and a shared schema for Pig, Hive and M/R. It exposes info about the data to applications.
- 23. HBase Hbase allows a separate database to allow random read/write access to the HDFS data, and surprisingly it too sits with the HDFS cluster. Data can be ingested to HBASE and interpreted On Read, which Relational Databases do not offer.
- 24. Accumulo A High performance Data Storage and retrieval system with cell-level access control, similar to Google’s “Big Table” design.
- 25. OOZIE A Java Web application used to schedule Hadoop jobs. Combines multiple jobs sequentially into one logical unit of work.
- 26. Flume Distributed, reliable and available service for efficiently collection, aggregating and moving large amounts of streaming data into HDFS (fault tolerant).
- 27. Solr Open Source platform for searches of data stored in HDFS Hadoop including full text search and near real time indexing.
- 28. Streaming And you can receive Steaming Data.
- 29. HUE Open Source Web Interface Aggregates most common components into single web interface View HDFS File Structure Simplify user experience
- 30. WebHDFS A REST API Interface to expose complete File System Provides Read & Write access Supports all HDFS parameters Allows remote access via many languages Uses Kerbos for Authentication
- 31. Monitor There's Zookeeper which is a centralized service to keep track of things. A high performance coordination service for distributed applications.
- 32. Machine Learning In addition, you could apply MAHOUT Machine Learning algorithms to you Hadoop cluster for Clustering, Classification and Collaborative Filtering. And you can run Statistical language analysis with a language called Revolution Analytic R version of Hadoop R.
- 33. Machine Learning Clustering Similarities between data points in Clusters Classification Learns from existing categories to assign unassigned categories User Based Recommendations Predict future behavior based on user preferences and behavior
- 34. Hadoop 2.0 And with the latest Hadoop 2.0, there's the addition of YARN which is a new layer that sits between HDFS2 and the application layers. Although HDFS Map Reduce was originally designed as the sole batch oriented approach to getting data from HDFS, it's no longer the sole way. HIVE SQL has been sped up through Impala which completely bypasses Map Reduce and the Stinger initiative which sits atop Tez. Tez has ability to compress data with column stores which allows the interaction to be sped up.
- 35. YARN Allows the separation of MapReduce layers of Service and Framework Resource Manager Application Manager Node Manager Containers Separates Resources
- 36. YARN Traditional MapReduce Expensive Original M/R spawned many process Wrote to Disk intermediate data Sort / Shuffle Now we have Applications M/R, Tez, Giraff, Spark, Storm, etc. Compiled down to a lower level Single Strand w/ More Complexity
- 37. Tez Generalized data flow programming framework, built on Hadoop YARN for batch and interactive use cases, such as Pig, HIVE and other frameworks. It has the potential to replace the MapReduce execution engine.
- 38. Impala Cloudera Impala is runs massively parallel processing (MPP) SQL query engine that runs natively in Hadoop. Allows data querying without the need for data movement or transformation It by-passes MapReduce
- 39. Graph And Girage, which allows Hadoop the ability to process Graph connections between nodes.
- 40. Ambari Ambari allows Hadoop Cluster administration and has an API layer for 3rd party tools to hook into.
- 41. Spark And Spark, provides a simple and expressive programming model that supports ETL, Machine Learning, stream processing and graph computation.
- 42. Knox Provides a single point of authentication and access to Hadoop services. Specifically for Hadoop users who access the cluster data and execute jobs, operators who control access and manage the cluster.
- 43. Falcon Framework for simplifying data management and pipeline processing in Hadoop. Enables users to automate the movement and processing of datasets for ingest, pipelines, disaster recovery and data retention use cases. It simplifies data management by removing complex coding (out of the box).
- 44. More Apache Projects Apache Kafka Next Generation Distributed Messaging System Apache Avro Data Serialization System Apache Chukwa Data Collection System for Monitoring large distributed systems
- 45. Cloud You can run your Hybrid Data Warehouse in the Cloud with Microsoft Azure Blobstorage HDInsight or Amazon Web Services.
- 46. On Premise You can run On Premise with IBM Infosphere BigInsights, Cloudera, Hortonworks and MapR.
- 47. Hybrid Data Warehouse You can build a Hybrid Data Warehouse. As Data Warehousing is a concept, a documented framework to follow with guidelines and rules. And storing the data in Hadoop and Relational Databases is typically known as a Hybrid Data Warehouse.
- 48. BI vs. Hadoop Hadoop not a replacement of BI Extends BI capabilities BI = Scale up to 100s of Gigabytes Hadoop = From 100s of Gygabytes to Terabytes (1,000s og Gygabytes) and Terabytes (1,000,000 Gigabytes)
- 49. Hadoop
- 50. Where’s Hadoop Headed? Transactional Data? More Real Time? Integrate with Traditional Data Warehouses? Hadoop for the Masses? Artificial Intelligence? Turing Test Neural Networks Internet of Things
- 51. Basic Hadoop
- 52. Blog: www.bloomconsultingbi.com Twitter: @sqljon Linked-in: http://www.linkedin.com/in/BloomConsultingBI Email: jbloom@agilebay.com