Intro to nanomaterial
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension measuring less than 100 nanometers. They can exist in single, spherical, tubular, or irregular shapes in one, two, or three dimensions. Nanomaterials are important because their ultra-small size enables benefits like transparency in coatings and high strength with minimal material. Their large surface area enhances reactivity, strength, and electrical properties compared to larger particles of the same composition. Nanomaterials are created through top-down methods like grinding or bottom-up sol-gel processes and have applications in ceramics, semiconductors, powders, and thin films due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties at the nanoscale.
Intro to nanomaterial
- 2. What is nanomaterial • Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with an average grain size less than 100 nanometers • Nanomaterials have extremely small size which having at least one dimension 100 nm • One billion nanometers equals one meter
- 3. • The average width of a human hair is on the order of 100,000 nanometers • A single particle of smoke is in the order of 1,000 nanometers
- 4. Nanomaterial shapes • nanomaterials can be nanoscale in one dimension ( surface films ) • Two dimensions ( strands or fiber) • Three dimensions ( particles ) • They can exist in single or fused forms with spherical, tubular, and irregular shapes.
- 5. Why nanomaterials ? • Nanotechnology exploits benefits of ultra small size, enabling the use of particles to deliver a range of important benefits – Small particles are ‘invisible’ : • Transparent Coatings/Films are attainable – Small particles are very weight efficient: • Surfaces can be modified with minimal material
- 6. • the behavior of nanomaterials may depend more on surface area than particle composition itself. • Relative-surface area is one of the principal factors that enhance its reactivity, strength and electrical properties.
- 7. Weight efficient and Uniform coverage • Large spherical particles do not cover much surface area • Nanoparticles Equal mass of small platelet particles provides thorough coverage (1 x 106 times more)
- 8. • by patterning matter on the nano scale, it is possible to vary fundamental properties of materials without changing the chemical composition
- 9. Approaches • Top-down – Breaking down matter into more basic building blocks. Frequently uses chemical or thermal methods. • Bottoms-up – Building complex systems by combining simple atomic-level components.
- 10. Methods for creating nanostructures • Mechanical grinding example of ( top-down ) method • Wet Chemical example of both ( top-down) & ( bottom up )
- 11. • Sol-gel process Methods for creating nanostructures
- 12. • Gas Phase ( furnace ) Methods for creating nanostructures
- 13. Different types of Nanomaterial • Nanopowder • Nanotube : tiny strips of graphite sheet rolled into tubes
- 14. Why are nanomaterials important • These materials have created a high interest in recent years by their high mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Applications of nanomaterials • nanophase ceramics • nanostructured semiconductors • Nanosized metallic powders • Single nanosized magnetic particles • Nanostructured metal-oxide thin films