Intro to Video Production
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This document provides an overview of introductory concepts related to audiovisual production and video recording. It discusses key terms like audio, video, and audiovisual. It also covers different digital audio file formats, types of digital recorders, video formats and containers, factors to consider when choosing a video camera, and basic care and handling of audiovisual materials. The document is intended as an introduction for beginners to understand fundamental concepts before engaging in video and audio recording.
Intro to Video Production
- 1. FILM 290 Intro to Video Production Oyetayo Raymond Ojoade
- 2. Audiovisual Recording an Introduction Audiovisual films, recordings used in teaching. Relating to both hearing and sight Audio – something heard Video – something seen Recorded sound has become a central part of our culture, affecting the way we make music and remember the past.
- 3. Audiovisual Recording an Introduction “Sound” is everything we hear in a movie words, sound effects, and music. Sound is used to heighten a mood Information about the location of a scene Advance the plot Tells us about the characters in the story.
- 4. Digital Audio Files An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The file can be uncompressed – left in it’s raw state Compressed to reduce the file size.
- 5. Types of digital audio files WMA - Windows Media Audio format Waveform Audio File Format (WAV) - Standard audio file container format used mainly in storing uncompressed audio files. This means that the file is a big file 10mb and above. Mp3 - MPEG Layer III Audio. Is the most common sound file format used today. M4a - An audio-only MPEG-4 file, used by Apple for unprotected music downloaded from their iTunes music store.
- 6. Types of digital audio files Audio Interchange File Format (Aiff) - Standard audio file format used by Apple. It could be considered the Apple equivalent of wav. AAC - The Advanced Audio Coding format is based on the MPEG2 and MPEG4 video standards.
- 7. Digital Recording for Beginners Audio has recently become more standardized and restricted when it comes to video and/or audio productions. Microphones – A good microphone is an important item in audio recording. It makes a big impact on how the recorded voice or instrument will sound.
- 8. Digital Recording for Beginners Headphones for recording This is a must have for audio recording You want to make sure that your audio is clean, clear and not distorted.
- 9. Digital Recorders A device that converts sound into a digital file that can be moved from one electronic device to another, played back by a computer, tablet or smartphone and stored like any other digital file. Most digital recorders support the popular audio file formats.
- 10. Digital Recorders Most if not all digital audio recorders have internal memory and come with a slot for adding memory with an SD card. Audio recorders have external jacks (connectors) for an external microphone and/or headphones.
- 12. Video Recording Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video systems vary tremendously in the display resolution and how they are refreshed They can also be carried on a variety of media, including radio broadcast, tapes, DVDs and digital computer files. Video recording has come a long way. Most of us have smart cell phones that can now record High Definition Video.
- 13. Video Formats Containers and Codecs Containers- (Video and audio Data) - .wmv, .asf, ,rm, .mov, .mpeg, .avi, .mp4, .flv, Codecs - (computer software) h.264, MPEG2, Prores 422 and 444 used to compress video containers into either bigger or smaller files for easy export and import via internet. The highest quality video format is going to be the format you captured your video in High Definition, 4K (3840×2160) lines, 5K (5120 × 2880), 8K (7680×4320), 16K (15360x8640). ‘K’ meaning the number of “finished picture pixels” contained in one complete horizontal scan line
- 14. Video Formats Containers and Codecs Every time video is compressed quality data is lost Converting your uncompressed (Raw) HDV formatted files even into a high quality MP4 will result in a loss of quality. While it's necessary to compress files in order to be able to share them, you should avoid re-compressing any more than you have to. Keep your master files in the original format; edit and create versions at whatever sizes necessary — but always from the originals.
- 15. Video Formats Containers and Codecs Audio Video Interleave (.avi) developed by Microsoft and released with Windows 3.1 QuickTime (.mov or .qt) developed by Apple and supports a wide variety of codecs. Advanced Video Coding, High Definition (AVCHD)
- 16. Video Formats Containers and Codecs H.264 is a popular standard for compressed high definition digital video. It sends highly compressed low resolution video across the web and encodes your high definition movie at super high bitrates for delivery to a High Definition television. .M4V and .MP4 are similar and are both part of MPEG-4 which was based on the Quicktime file format. .m4v was created by Apple as an extension of MPEG- 4 for apple products like iTunes, iPhone and the iPad.
- 17. Video Formats Containers and Codecs MPEG-1 is used almost exclusively for Video Compact Disks (VCD), which are extraordinarily popular in some parts of the world. MPEG-2 (h.262) is used for DVDs and pretty much nothing else with the exception of broadcast High Definition Television
- 18. Video Formats Containers and Codecs Windows Media Video (.wmv) With the arrival of the internet, people started trying to come up with ways to share video that wouldn't take up a lot of bandwidth and disk space. One of the big advances was the idea of streaming video — where your computer downloads only a part of a video and begins to play while the download continues — this means you don't have to wait two hours for a movie to download before you can start watching.
- 19. Choosing a Video Camera Most people use the DSLR’s with Interchangeable lens these days for better image quality and affordability. If you intend to shoot news then the camcorder will be better cause it is easier and quicker to use. Most beginners go with the still camera with interchangeable lenses which shoot good quality video.
- 20. Choosing a Video Camera DSLR Pros Good in low light Good shallow focus effects Lots of creative control Best for making creative short films on a tight budget
- 21. Choosing a Video Camera Cons Poor sound recording Awkward to handhold Limited recording time
- 22. Prosumer Camcorder Pros These cameras have better image Better sound quality More creative control than the DSLR Has external audio plugins Best for news, documentaries and events at a low budget s
- 23. Prosumer Camcorder Cons Bigger and more complicated Image quality not as good Image quality not accepted by broadcasters
- 24. Professional camcorders Pros More creative control than prosumer camcorders Has external audio plugins Lets you work faster Good in low light situations Best for documentaries, events like weddings
- 25. Professional camcorders Cons Too big Expensive Takes time to learn Poor image quality
- 26. Professional camcorders Cons Best for news, documentaries and events at a low budget Bigger and more complicated Image quality not as good Image quality not accepted by broadcasters
- 27. Interchangeable lens Professional video cameras Pros Have large sensors Have interchangeable lens Produce really good images Handle better than cheaper DSLR’s Good in low light Creative control
- 28. Interchangeable lens Professional video cameras Cons Too big Very expensive
- 29. Consumer Camcorders Pros Small Good controls Easy to handle Better to handle than DSLR’s Good for families and school children Cons Image and sound quality not good
- 30. Care and Handling of AV Material Store in a cool, dry, and clean environment s Store in enclosed cases Clearly label case and tape A soft, dry cloth can be effective. Sometimes, a can of compressed air can be used to dislodge dust from the interior of equipment; just be careful not to blow the dust into even more sensitive areas.
- 31. Setting Up A Tripod https://youtu.be/yfwctApMtPM
- 32. How to Wrap An XLR Cable https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ4ZKkJ_HxE
- 34. Production Team
- 35. Production Paperwork Release form A a document that gives a filmmaker permission to distribute and sell his/her video or film with the permission of a talent they recorded. The form protects you from your talent getting cold feet after the production has wrapped.
- 36. Release Form
- 37. Call/Contact sheet Call/Contact sheet A daily call sheet is a schedule crafted by the assistant director, using the director's shot list. It is assigned to the cast and crew of a film production informing them of their daily locations and times for a particular day of filming.
- 38. Call/Contact Sheet Production Office Nearest Hospital to Set LOCATIONS # Location Address Parking Contact 1 Smith’s Bagels 123 John St. New York, New York Street Parking out front Mary C: 555-555-5555 Scene and Description Cast Pgs Loc TOTAL PAGES: SET REQUIREMENTS Props: Special Effects: Vehicles: Wardrobe: Makeup: Set Dressing: Animal Wrangler: Stunts: Producer NAME PHONE NUMBER Producer NAME PHONE NUMBER Production Manager NAME PHONE NUMBER Production Coordinator NAME PHONE NUMBER 1st Assistant Director NAME PHONE NUMBER Executive Producer: Producer: Director: Production Manager: Production Coordinator: 1st Assistant Director: TITLE DATE: SHUTTLE INFO: WEATHER: First Aid kit and fire extinguisher at the craft table. CALL TIME 00:00 Check grid for individual call times LUNCH 00:00 # Cast Role Call Time Pick Up Time MU/WD Set Call 1. 2. 3. Extras/Background Transportation Craft – Hot & Ready @ Cast/Crew Subs x 00 @ 0000 Catering Cast/Crew Lunch x 00 to be Hot & Ready @ 0000 to be served @ 0000
- 39. Budget Budget Film budgeting is the process by which a line producer, unit production manager, or production accountant prepares a budget for a film production. The budget could be over 134 pages long It is used to secure financing for pre-production production of the film.
- 40. Continuity sheet Continuity sheet For each scene you make a note of the scene number and take, the camera file numbers and audio file numbers. Most importantly you want to get the notes for the scene. This information is then passed to the editor at the end of the shoot. The editor now knows how and what to reference when working on the edit.
- 41. Continuity sheet
- 42. Location scouting Story: It all starts with the storyline. The most important element to consider when scouting locations is the story. First and foremost, see if the location matches the scene the film’s story.
- 43. Location scouting Sight: Visualize the shots. Imagine what the camera will see when scouting locations. What will we see in the frame? How wide are you shooting? Are you just shooting into a corner, or will you need complete coverage? Are the important establishing elements all visible in a single frame? Can you create a clear frame with appropriate background objects? How much effort will it take to transform the space into what you need? Do the shots contain commercially owned properties that need clearance?
- 44. Location scouting Sound Being able to record clean dialogue is one of the most important requirements for a smooth shoot. When you’re scouting a location, listen carefully for any noises that could become problematic. Air condition Road construction Cars on the highway
- 45. Location scouting Mind your surroundings It could be perfect on a weekend and completely different during the week. Examples…
- 47. Script Script A screenplay or script, is written by screenwriters for a film, television program or video game. They can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. The movement, actions, expressions and dialogues of the characters are narrated.
- 48. Script Script Begin the outline of your story with a basic flow of your narrative. ... Write your story in three acts. ... Add sequences. ... Start writing scenes. ... Begin writing dialogue. ... Pitch your finished work to friends to get feedback….
- 49. Script Scriptwriting software Celtx
- 51. Storyboard A storyboard is a visual representation of your film on paper. It helps you communicate important decisions regarding the composition and framing of each shot before a shoot. Actors will know where they are supposed to stand, cinematographers and directors will better understand how a scene is supposed to look Most importantly Investors will know that you are a real professional.
- 52. Storyboard
- 53. Expense report sheet Expense report sheet Name: Position: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Audited by: Validation Initials: Be sure to provide all receipts for above expenses. EXPENSE REPORT TOTAL Project or company Date (mm/dd/yy) To Whom Paid (Biz name) Purpose
- 54. Shot list Shot list A shot list is a full list of all the shots that are part of your film. Write out your list of camera shots. Group the camera shots by setups. Reorder the setups into the most efficient order of shooting.
- 55. Shot list
- 56. Video Equipment Checklist Can you imagine showing up at a shoot in Grenada and suddenly realize that you have forgotten some essential piece of equipment back in Trinidad. A professional videographer must alway keep a video equipment checklist to avoid this problem.
- 58. Edit Decision List (EDL) Edit Decision List (EDL) It is used in the post-production process of video editing. The EDL contains an ordered list of timecode data representing where each video clip can be obtained in order to complete the final edit.
- 59. Edit Decision List (EDL)