Introduction
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Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 47 technology companies that develops open standards for mobile devices. Some popular Android phones include the HTC G1, Motorola Droid and Samsung Galaxy. The Android software stack consists of applications, an application framework, libraries and runtime system that uses the Linux kernel.
Introduction
- 1. Android Introduction Platform Overview @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 1
- 2. What is Android? Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 2
- 3. OHA (Open Handset Alliance) A business alliance consisting of 47 companies to develop open standards for mobile devices @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 3
- 4. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 4 Phones HTC G1, Droid, Tattoo Motorola Droid (X) Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson
- 5. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 5 Tablets Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch Dawa D7 Toshiba Android SmartBook Cisco Android Tablet
- 6. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 6 MarketShare Feb’10 May’10 Apr’11 RIM 42.1% 41.7% 29% Apple 25.4% 24.4% 25% Google 9% 13% 33% Microsoft 15.1% 13.2% 7.7% Palm 5.4% 4.8% 2.9%
- 7. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 7 Architecture
- 8. Android S/W Stack - Application Android provides a set of core applications: @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 8 Email Client SMS Program Calendar Maps Browser Contacts Etc All applications are written using the Java language.
- 9. Android S/W Stack – App Framework Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications. Users are allowed to replace components. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 9
- 10. Android S/W Stack – App Framework (Cont) @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 10 Features Feature Role View System Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser Content Provider Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data Resource Manager Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings, graphics, and layout files) Notification Manager Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the status bar Activity Manager Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigation backstack
- 11. Android S/W Stack - Libraries Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system Exposed to developers through the Android application framework @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 11
- 12. Android S/W Stack - Runtime @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 12 Core Libraries Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java language APIs Data Structures Utilities File Access Network Access Graphics Etc
- 13. Android S/W Stack – Runtime (Cont) Dalvik Virtual Machine Providing environment on which every Android application runs Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik VM. Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently. Register-based virtual machine @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 13
- 14. Android S/W Stack – Runtime (Cont) Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont) Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format .dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint. Compilation Relying on the Linux Kernel for: Threading Low-level memory management @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 14
- 15. Android S/W Stack – Linux Kernel Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services Memory and Process Management Network Stack Driver Model Security Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W stack @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 15