Introduction cg
- 2. Computer graphics involves display , manipulation and storage of pictures and experimental data for proper visualization using a computer
- 3. CG comprises • Display devices • Input devices • Output devices • Interfacing devices video I/O
- 4. Applications • GUI – Menus – Icons – Curser – Dialog boxes – Scroll bars – Buttons – Grids (Used to align an object in 2D Graphics) – Valuators (Sliders) – Sketching (Paint) – 3-D interface (Used to manipulate 2D object as 3D Object on 2D Devices)
- 5. • Plotting in business – Used show the economical type of data like growth rate , expenditure etc. • Office automation – Editing documents , handling statistical data making presentation • Desktop publishing – Designing documents and presentation • Plotting in science & technology – Used to draw almost every data in graphical forms
- 6. • Web/business/commercial publishing and advertisements – Adds, Video screens etc. • CAD/CAM design – VLSI, Construction, Circuits • Scientific visualization – Animation in genetic engineering, biological sciences • Entertainment – Movies, Games etc.
- 7. • Simulators and simulation studies – Various mechanical and chemical processes – Study of nuclear explosions – Study of disaster management – Flight Simulations of space shuttle ,car driving • Cartography – Creation of maps, Civil engineering, geology etc. • Multimedia – Cobines audeo, video and tetx pictures
- 8. • Virtual reality • Process monitoring – Monitor Chemical/ Mechanical processes by sensors and alerting in case of something wrong • Digital image processing – Enhancing image quality • Education and training – Students, professionals etc
- 9. Graphics standards • GKS (graphical kernel system) – By ISO and ANSI • SRGP (Simple Raster Graphics Package) • PHIGS (Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System) • OpenGL
- 10. Various Compilers • Visual c/C++ • Visual Basic • Borland C/C++ • Borland Pascal • Turbo C • Turbo Pascal • JAVA’s graphical libraries, API
- 11. Basic output primitives for drawing pictures • Polyline • Filled polygons (Enclosed regions) • Ellipse (Arc) • Text (Style and orientation) • Raster Image
- 12. Computer graphics systems • Active (Having control on displayed data ) • Passive (Does not have any control on displayed data)
- 13. Concepts and principles of CG • Display Systems – Storage Displays, Random Scan, Raster refresh displays, CRT basics, video basics , Flat panel displays • Transformations – (2-D and 3-D) Translation, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing – Viewing/projections
- 14. • Scan Conversion and clipping – Drawing of points, lines, circles etc. Area filling, filling style, Clipping algorithms, anti aliasing etc. • Hidden Surface Removal – Back face removal, Z buffer sorting, painter’s algorithm, Ray tracing etc. • Shading and Illumination • Phong’s shading model, Shadows and background, Color models etc. Concepts and principles of CG cont.
- 15. • Solid Modeling – Wire frame, Boundary representation, Constructive solid geometry • Curves and surfaces – Bezier curves, Hermite curves etc. • Graphics architecture – Display processors, Multi processors systems etc. • Miscellaneous – Animation, Projection and viewing, Image file formats etc Concepts and principles of CG cont.