The document discusses Core Web Vitals, which are key performance metrics evaluating user experience in terms of loading, interactivity, and visual stability. It outlines the specific metrics (LCP, FID, CLS), their thresholds for good performance, and the importance of tools like Google Lighthouse and PageSpeed Insights for measuring these metrics in both lab and real-user scenarios. Additionally, it emphasizes the relevance of performance metrics in relation to Google's search ranking factors.