Introduction of Engineering Geology
- 2. Geology is the term derived from the Greek word GEO: Earth and LOGOS :Science. Study of Geology means studies related to the origin, formation and denudation of the earth. Geology deals with the studies related to various surface and sub- surface physical features like Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, Valleys, Basins, Caves and all Coastal, Marine and submarine forms. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41. Introduction to the Subject, Object, Scope and Subdivisions of Geology
- 3. Sub-divisions of Geology Physical Geology Geomorphology Mineralogy Petrology Economic Geology Historical Geology Allied Science ◦ Geochemistry ◦ Geophysics ◦ Geohydrology ◦ Mining Geology ◦ Engineering Geology ◦ Rock Mechanics ◦ Geomechanics ◦ Metrology ◦ Oceanography DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 4. Physical Geology: It deals with the origin, development and ultimate fate of various surfacial features of earth. The role played by internal (Volcanism and Earthquakes) and external (Wind, Water, Ice) agents on the physical features on the earth makes major domain of this branch. Geomorphology: This branch confines itself to the studies of features of the surface of the earth, primarily of the land surface. Detailed investigations regarding development and disposition of mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys and basins and various other landforms associated with them. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 5. Mineralogy: This branch deals with the study of formation, occurrence, aggregation, properties and uses of various families of minerals. Petrology: Minerals occurring in natural aggregated form are called rocks. These rocks forms the building blocks that makes up the crust of the earth. Formation of various types of rocks, their mode of occurrence, composition, textures and structures, geological and geographical distribution on the earth are all studied under the title petrology. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 6. Economic Geology: Deals with the study of minerals and rocks and other such material (Coal and Petroleum) occurring in the crust that can be exploited as a ORE. Historical Geology: It is also called as STRATIGRAPHY and deals with the past history of the earth. From the study of its rock stratified and unstratified rocks are treated as the pages of the earth history. Each having the information about the time during which it was formed and also the imprints (fossils left on its formation) when these rocks are properly interpreted can reveal vital information about the climate, biological activities and the environmental conditions of the past; all these lies in the historical geology. Dr N J Sathe, Dept. of Civil Engineering., Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgaon (Bk), PUNE 41.
- 7. Scope of Engineering Geology In construction Jobs: In all types of heavy construction like building tower, dams, reservoirs, highways, bridges, traffic and hydropower tunnel and retaining structure. The geological information about the site of construction (or excavation) and about the natural materials of construction is of paramount importance. This information is vital for planning realistic and designing and economic excavation of one and all of such projects. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 8. Planning: It provides the engineer with a general guidance about the suitability of the site for a proposed project. It enables the engineer to appreciate the limiting factors imposed upon his planning by topography, geomorphology, ground water conditions etc. of the area. It gives the engineer a general idea about the availability of different types of construction material. It guides him in limiting the exploratory operation (Drilling) for selecting the final site to such number as would be absolutely essential. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 9. Designing: ◦ The existence of hard rock and their depth from an inclination with the surface. ◦ Mechanical properties of the rocks along the proposed site, especially, bearing strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability and resistance to decay and disintegration. ◦ Presence of structurally weak plans (Joints, Faults and Fractures) and weak zones (Peat deposits and sheared zones) especially at critical regions of a site selected for the project. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 10. In Town and Regional Planning: ◦ The major factor in town planning is the allocation of site for industrial site is dependant on the geomorphology of the region. ◦ It helps the town planner in allocating the space for the building with respect to FSI. ◦ During the formation of city the design prepared for the drainage and drinking water should not coincide with each other. ◦ The study of the water cycle is an essential section for planning and execution of a major water level program. DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.
- 11. That’s all about the Subject, Object, Scope and Subdivisions of Geology!!! DR N J SATHE, DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING., SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADGAON (BK), PUNE 41.