introduction of hydrology
Download as PPTX, PDF20 likes10,596 views
Hydrology deals with water resources and their depletion and replenishment. It involves key components of the water cycle like precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, surface water, and groundwater. The water cycle begins with precipitation falling to the surface and infiltrating subsurface soils and rock. Water can remain in shallow soils, seep into stream banks, or infiltrate deeper to recharge aquifers. It may travel long distances underground or remain in storage as groundwater. Water is also evaporated from surfaces and transpired by plants, returning to the atmosphere as vapor to form clouds and precipitation.
introduction of hydrology
- 1. Hydrology It deals with the depletion and replenishment of our water resources.
- 2. 1. CYCLE COMPONENT CONCEPTS Standard Concepts (Physical) Precipitation Evaporation/Evapotranspitation Surface Water Groundwater 2
- 3. Basic Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Evaporation Evaporation (ET) Ocean Infiltration runoff Aquifer Precipitation Evaporation/ET Surface Water Groundwater 3
- 5. Basic Cycle 5
- 6. Rain Transpiration Evapo-transpiration Irrigation Evaporation Runoff Root Zone Water Storage Below Root Drainage Zone
- 7. Groundwater begins as INFILTRATION Precipitation falls and infiltrates into the subsurface soil and rock. •Can remain in shallow soil layer •Might seep into a stream bank •May infiltrate deeper, recharging an aquifer •May travel long distances •May stay in storage as ground water
- 8. EVAPORATION
- 9. DURING EVAPORATION Water turns from a liquid to a gas. Water moves from rivers and lakes into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor. Water vapor forms clouds.
- 10. SOLID TO A LIQUID
- 11. LIQUID TO A GAS
- 12. METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION Pan measurement method, Using Empirical formulae, Storage equation method, and Energy budget method.
- 13. PAN METHOD Class A Pan Standard at advanced weather stations Can be used to estimate open water evaporation
- 14. USE OF EMPIIRICAL FORMULAE: (a) Meyer’s formula: E=km(es - ea)(1 + v9/16) (b) Rohwer’s formula: E= 0.771(1.465 - 0.000732pa) (0.44+0.0733 v0.6) (es – ea)
- 15. PRECIPITATION Single strongest variable driving hydrologic processes Formed by water vapor in the atmosphere As air cools its ability to ‘hold’ water decreases and some turns to liquid or ice (snow)
- 18. TRANSPIRATION
- 19. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the term used to describe the amount of water which is effectively lost from the earth surface to the atmosphere by soil surface evaporation and plant transpiration. ET is mainly: -an important component of the water cycle -necessary for calculation of the soil water balance, -input variable in crop yield models or study of ecosystem or study of regional climate, among others.
- 20. Hill slope Hydrology Runoff Processes: Horton overland flow Subsurface stormflow, Water Flow Return flow Groundwater flow
- 22. THANK YOU - Pankti Jethi (HJD Institute of Technical Education And Reserch)