Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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The document serves as an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI), covering its definition, goals, applications, and limitations compared to human intelligence. It outlines various types of intelligence, classifies AI into different categories, and discusses fields such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. Additionally, the document highlights real-world AI applications, the evolution of AI, and potential ethical concerns related to its implementation.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- 1. Introduction to Arti f icial Intelligence Manash Kumar Mondal Ph.D Research Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kalyani
- 2. Outlines Learning outcomes • Human Intelligence • Arti f icial Intelligence • Goals of Arti f icial Intelligence • Classi f ication of AI • Fields, Applications and Limitations of AI • Arti f icial Intelligence Vs. Human Intelligence • Programming With and Without AI • Domains of AI (Data Science , CV, NLP)
- 3. Do you think yourself to be intelligent ?
- 5. Human intelligence • Ability to observe, recognise and understand • Ability to make smart decisions and solve problems • Ability to learn and increase knowledge
- 6. Human intelligence • Gathering information • Storing information • Retrieving information • Analysing information • Decision-making • Taking action
- 7. Real life situation Planning for a vacation 1. Gathering information 2. Storing information 3. Retrieving information 4. Analysing information 5. Decision making 6. Action taking
- 8. Gathering information • You search online for travel destinations • Explore reviews • Whether conditions • And f ind suitable dates Planning for a vacation
- 9. Storing information • You save that destination detail • Flight options • Hotel booking websites • Activities, suggestions on phone or notebook Planning for a vacation
- 10. Retrieving information • When you f inalizing the plan • You refer back to the saved information • Flight timing • Budget friendly Hotels Planning for a vacation
- 11. Analysing information • You compare the costs • Check whether predictions • Evaluate, which location matches your preferences Planning for a vacation
- 12. Decision making • Aap noises you decide on the best destination • B o o k t h e f l i g h t a n d accommodation • Create an itinerary Planning for a vacation
- 13. Taking actions • Finally, you work on your vacation. • Following through on the plane and adapting as necessary Planning for a vacation
- 15. What is arti f icial intelligence? • Arti f icial is something which is man-made, which does not occur naturally • Intelligence is the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviour within a environment or context Arti f icial intelligence Arti f icial Intelligence
- 16. Arti f icial intelligence • Arti f icial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machine or system as opposed to the natural intelligence displayed by human or animal • Arti f icial intelligence (AI) is a wide- ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines, capable of performing task that typically require human intelligence
- 17. Arti f icial intelligence • AI is a form of intelligence, a type of technology and a f ield of study. AI theory a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m p u t e r system(both machine and software ) are able to perform task that normally require human intelligence. • Arti f icial intelligence cover a broad range of domains an application and is expected to impact every f ield in the future. Overall, its core idea is building machine and algorithm which are capable of performing computational task that would otherwise require human like brain functions.
- 18. Arti f icial intelligence • AI refers to the ability of machine to perform cognitive task like thinking, perceiving, learning, problems, solving and decision making. • With incredible advance made in data collection, processing, and computational power, intelligent system can now be deployed to take over a variety of task, enable connectivity and enhance productivity. • AI is the ability of machines or computer programmes to perform certain actions that typically require human beings to use their intelligence. AI is an approach to make a computer, a robot or a product to think act and behave like human.
- 19. Arti f icial intelligence • The f ield of arti f icial intelligence is a combination of di ff erent discipline, like computer science, biology, physiology, psychology, mathematics, and engineering for creating intelligence system that we have like human in terms of thinking, learning and di ff erentiating between right and wrong. Combination of di ff erent discipline
- 20. History of arti f icial intelligence
- 21. Evolution of AI
- 22. Arti f icial intelligence vs Natural intelligence Arti f icial intelligence Natural intelligence Found in machines Found in human AI machines are built or designed with data and algorithms Built based on observation learning, etc. Machines with AI can perform large complex calculations Humans have limitation to compute
- 23. Types of inteligence • Linguistic • Logical-mathematical • Spatial • Bodily-kinesthetics • Musical • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalistic • Existential
- 24. Linguistic intelligence • Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words, and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings. • L i n g u i s t i c i n t e l l i g e n c e , language processing skills, both in terms of understanding or implementation in writing or speech.
- 25. Logical or mathematical intelligence • Logical or mathematical intelligence referred to your ability to think, logically reason and identify connections • A person‘s ability to regulate measure and understand numerical symbol, abstraction, and logic.
- 26. Spatial intelligence • Spatial intelligence is a concept of being able to successfully perceive and derive inside from visual data. • It is de f ined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of one object to another.
- 27. Bodily - kinesthetics intelligence • Boudi kinesthetics intelligence is the capacity to manipulate object and use a variety of physical skill. • This intelligence also involves a s e n s e o f t i m i n g a n d t h e perfection of kills through mind body union. • Athletics, dancer, surgeon, and craft people, exhibit bodily -kinesthetic intelligence.
- 28. Musical intelligence • Musical intelligence also called musical rhythmic intelligence is the ability to comprehend and produce musical skills, such as rhythm, lyrics and patterns.
- 29. Interpersonal intelligence • Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and introduction e ff ectively with others • It involve e ff ective and non- verbal communication.
- 30. Intrapersonal intelligence • Intrapersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself, and once thought, and feeling and to use such a knowledge in planning and directing one’s life.
- 31. Naturalistic intelligence • Naturalistic intelligence is de f ined as the ability to appreciate categories, classify, explain, and connect the think of everyday life with nature. • It is the ability to distinguish between living things, whether plants or animals.
- 32. Existential intelligence • Existential intelligence referred to deep sensitivity and people’s a b i l i t y t o h a n d l e d e e p question, such as meaning of existence. • Where do you go when you die? • Where do babies come from? • Why do I have to go to school?
- 33. Exploring types of intelligence in professions • Lawyers (Linguistic intelligence) • Musicians (Musical intelligence) • Architects ( Mathematical logical intelligence) • Teachers (Interpersonal, Linguistic, Intrapersonal)
- 34. Goals of AI • Knowledge representation • Planning • Learning • Social intelligence • General intelligence • Creativity • Problem solving
- 35. Applications of AI Environmental sustainability
- 36. AI applications • These AI powered virtual a s s i s t a n c e , u s e v o i c e recognition to respond to user commands, perform task, answer questions, and control smart home devices. Smart Assistant
- 37. AI applications • AI algorithms, analyse social media contain to detect the f lag, potentially harmful or m i s l e a d i n g i n fo r m a t i o n , helping to maintain safe environment. Social media monitoring tool for dangerous contains or fake news
- 38. AI applications • AI driven Robo-advisor, use algorithms to analyse market trends, and help investors make informed decisions, s t o c k t r a d i n g , o f t e n a u t o m a t i c a l l y m a n a g i n g portfolios. Robo-advisors for Stock trading
- 39. AI applications • AI system detect and f ilter out spam messages in email platform, ensuring the user receive only relevant or important emails in their inbox Spam f ilters on email
- 40. AI applications • AI tools analyse health data to map the spread of disease and protect potential outbreak, aiding in public health and disease control e ff orts Disease mapping and protection tools
- 41. AI applications • In industrial setting, AI- powered robots and drones assist with manufacturing p r o c e s s , w a r e h o u s e management and automated assembly, improving e ff iciency and safety Manufacturing and drone robots
- 42. AI application • AI recommendation system analyse user preference and viewing history to suggest song movies and TV shows that users are likely to enjoy Song TV show recommendation from Spotify and Net f lix
- 43. AI applications • AI in healthcare provides p e r s o n a l i s e d t r e a t m e n t recommendation by analysing patient data, potentially improving health outcomes with customise medical care Optimise personalised healthcare treatment recommendation
- 44. What is not AI? It is very common for us to understand any other technology as AI, the machine or device which is trained with Data and make decision or prediction based on data and algorithm are considered as AI below are some examples, which are not AI. 1. An automatic washing machine operates based on instruction provided by the user. 2. Air conditioner is operated by human using remote. Humans need to set the timer and temperature based on requirement. Air condition are be turned on or o ff from the di ff erent location. Still, it needs human to operate. 3. Smart TV uses di ff erent application and technologies in it which make ace of using these also need human to operate 4. Self driving cars which are operated based on remote control, sensor based does not make them as AI.
- 45. Applications of AI • AI in e-commerce website, (Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, etc.) • AI in virtual assistants (Google, Assistant, Alexa, Siri, etc.) • AI in self driving cars, (Tesla, XUV 700 etc.) • AI in healthcare, (Medical image analysis, AI medical diagnostic) • AI in gaming (Cricket, FIFA, racing games, etc.)
- 46. AI, ML & DL Arti f icial Intelligence (AI) Refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic human intelligence. It gives the ability to machines to recognize a human’s face; to move and manipulate objects; to understand the voice commands by humans, and also do other tasks. The AI-enabled machines think algorithmically and execute what they have been asked for intelligently.
- 47. Human intelligence versus arti f icial intelligence Comparison factor Human intelligence Arti f icial intelligence Energy e ff iciency 25 watts human brain 2 watts for modern machine learning machine Universal Humans usually learn how to manage hundred of di ff erent skills during life AI waste machine is usually designed for few tasks Processing power Process information slower Process information faster Social skills Excellent social skills Poor social skills Multitasking Human worker work on multiple responsibilities and can do multiple task The time needed to teach system on each and every task is considerably high Decision making Humans have the ability to learn this and making for experience scenarios Still learning to do decision making, which is a big task Adaptation Can adapt to change changes very well Cannot adapt to changes well Accuracy Task accuracy is average Task accuracy is high
- 48. Programming with AI versus without AI Programming with AI Programming without AI A computer program with AI can answer the generic questions it is meant to solve. A computer program without AI can answer the speci f ic question it is mean to solve A computer program can absorb new modi f ication by putting highly independent kisses of information together. Hence one can modify even a minute piece of information programme without a ff ecting its structure. Modi f ication in the program, lead to change in the structure Quick and easy program modi f ication Modi f ication is not quick and easy. It may lead to a ff ecting the program adversely.
- 49. Fields of arti f icial intelligence
- 50. Some examples of f ields of AI • Machine learning is the technique that gives computer the potential to learn without being programmed. It is actively being used in daily life. • It is the science that enable machine to translate execute and investigate data for solving real world problem. Machine learning
- 52. Classi f ication of AI AI based on capability
- 53. Arti f icial narrow intelligence (ANI) • Narrow AI is a type of AI, which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence. The most common and currently available AI is narrow AI in the world of arti f icial intelligence. • Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its f ield or limitation as it is only trained for one speci f ic task. Hence, it is also as weak AI. Narrow can fail indictable if it goes beyond its limit.
- 54. Arti f icial General intelligence(AGI) • GeneralAI is a type of arti f icial intelligence, which could perform any intellectual task with e ff iciency like a human • The idea behind the GeneralAI to make such a system, which could be smarter and think like a human by its own • Currently, there is no such system exist which could comes under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as human • The worldwide researchers are now focus on developing machine with GeneralAI • The systems with GeneralAI are still under research and it will take lots of e ff ort and time to develop such systems.
- 55. Arti f icial super intelligence(ASI) • Super AI is a level of intelligence of systems at which machine could surprise human intelligence and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an outcome of general AI. • Characteristic’s of strong AI capability include the ability to think, to reason, solve puzzle, make judgement plan, learn and communicate by its own. • Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of arti f icial intelligence. Developments of such system in real is still world changing task.
- 56. Classi f ication of arti f icial intelligence Based on functionalities
- 57. Quiz
- 58. Question: Which type of AI is currently in existence and is dedicated to programming speci f ic task? A. Arti f icial general intelligence B. Arti f icial narrow intelligence C. Arti f icial super intelligence D. None of the above
- 59. Question: What is the main characteristic of arti f icial super intelligence (ASI) ? A. It performs better than human B. It is only dedicated to one task C. It does not yet exist D. It operates exactly like humans
- 61. Domains of AI
- 62. Data Science • Data science is about using mathematical and statistical p r i n c i p l e s t o a n a l y s e d a t a essentially making sense of it. • Data is the heart of arti f icial intelligence, as no AI system can be developed or functional without attitude data. • The di ff erent types of data used in AI systems are as follow : sound text image video Domains of AI
- 63. Computer vision(CV) • The discipline of teaching machines how to see and perceive the human world is known as computer vision/ machine vision/ arti f icial vision. • Computer vision domain is a mature and reliable technology that can save us time, improve the quality and ultimately generate cost savings. Domains of AI
- 64. Natural language processing • It refers to the AI method of communication with an intelligence system, using naturally written or spoken language like Hindi or English. The requirement of ALP is necessary when you want to instruct an intelligent system like a robot or when you want to hear decision from a dialogue based clinical expert system. • The input and output data of NLP system can be either speech or written text • For example, Google translator system uses NLP method as it accept input either speech based or text based in one language and translate it into another language. Domains of AI
- 65. Some examples of f ields of AI • Robotics determines the designing producing operating and uses of robots. It deals with computer system for their control, intelligence outcome and information transformation. • Robots are deployed often for conducting task that might be laborious for humans to perform steadily. Major of robotics tasks involved assembly line for automobiles manufacturing For moving large object in space by NASA. Robotics
- 66. Some examples of f ields of AI • SPEECHTEXT.AI enables users to convert audio to text by applying powerful domain, optimise machine, learning model and can improve the a c c u r a c y o f s p e e c h recognition for industries such as f inance, healthcare, legal HR, and others. Speech
- 67. AI, ML & DL Machine Learning (ML) It is a subset of Arti f icial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at tasks with experience (data). The intention of Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the provided d a t a a n d m a k e a c c u r a t e Predictions/ Decisions. Relationship among AI,ML,& DL
- 68. AI, ML & DL Deep Learning (DL) It enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. In Deep Learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves. Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Arti f icial Intelligence out of these three. Then c o m e s M a c h i n e L e a r n i n g w h i c h i s intermediately intelligent and Arti f icial Intelligence covers all the concepts and algorithms which, in some way or the other mimic human intelligence. Relationship among AI,ML,& DL
- 69. Quiz
- 70. Question: Which domain focuses on extracting useful insights from structure and structure datasets ? A. Computer vision B. Natural language processing C. Data Science D. Reinforcement learning
- 71. Question: Which domain of AI deals with enabling machine to understand and process human language? A. Computer vision (CV) B. Neural language processing( NLP) C. Data Science D. Robotics
- 72. Limitations of arti f icial intelligence • Arti f icial intelligence is very expensive. Small recognitions can’t a ff ord high machines. Software resource required for implementing AI. • Arti f icial intelligent system might replace human in performing task in terms of productivity, but they can’t take decision. Robots can decide what is right or what is wrong. • With intelligent system, human would not get creative with everyday experience. Humans tend to show creative ideas with every day experience. • Replacing humans with intelligent system might increase unemployment that lead to GDP.
- 73. References • Arti f icial intelligence book by Davinder and Deepa, PM publishers • Google • Wikipedia • Research gate • Di ff erent websites and blogs
- 74. Thank you