Introduction to AYUSH System of Medicine

Introduction to AYUSH
System of Medicine
Presented by: Dr. Mona Duggal
Introduction to AYUSH System of
Medicine
2023 1

Table of Contents
Introduction to AYUSH system of
Medicine
Ayurveda
Yoga and Naturopathy
Unani
Siddha
Homeopathy
Need for integration of various system
of medicine
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Introduction
• In 1995, the Department of Indian
System of Medicine and
Homoeopathy (ISM&H) was formed,
later named Department of AYUSH in
2003.
• India's medical heritage includes
Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Unani,
Allopathy, Homeopathy, and
Naturopathy.
• Post-independence, the government
supported these systems, offering
diverse healthcare choices.
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AYUSH
• Ayurveda
• Yoga
• Unani
• Siddha
• Homeopathy
AYUSH
comprises:

• Holistic health
perspective
• Grounded in specific
medical philosophies
• Advocates healthy
living
• Focuses on disease
prevention and health
promotion
Core
approach:
AYUSH (Cont.)
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Ayur = Life
Veda = Knowledge or Science
Hence, The Science of Life

• Originates from universe's
beginning
• Used since human inception
• Enriching healing with Vedic
herbs
• Balances body, mind, and
soul
• Promotes natural healing
• Aims for body's harmony and
evolution
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1. Ayurveda (Cont.)

Ayurvedic perspective: Body's
structure and functions.
• "Panch Mahabhootas": Aakash
(Ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire),
Aapa (Water), Prithvi (Earth).
• Vital element: Atma (Life Spirit) -
essential for life.
• Body comprises Doshas (Bio-
humors), Dhatus (Body Matrix),
and Malas (Excretable Products).
• Body functions are governed by
Tridoshas: Vata, Pitta, Kapha.
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1. Ayurveda (Cont.)

AYURVEDIC DOSHA
THEORY
o Vata: Governed by Air and
Ether, it's responsible for
movement and creativity.
o Pitta: Fire and Water-based,
it regulates digestion and
cognitive functions.
o Kapha: Earth and Water
elements give structure and
stability.
BALANCING HEALTH
o Vata Imbalance: Anxiety and
digestive issues. Balance with
routine and nourishing foods.
o Pitta Imbalance: Anger and
inflammation. Balance with cooling
foods and relaxation.
o Kapha Imbalance: Lethargy and
congestion. Balance with
stimulation and mindfulness.
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1. Ayurveda (Cont.)
TAKEAWAY
o Dosha balance is key to
Ayurvedic well-being.
o Tailored approaches address
individual constitution.
o Holistic health via
personalized care.

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1. Ayurveda (Cont.)

1. Ayurveda (Cont.)
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Structural substances of the
body
Dhatus:
• Rasa (Plasma)
• Rakta (Blood Cells)
• Mamsa (Muscular Tissue)
• Meda (Fatty Tissue)
• Asthi (Bony Tissue)
• Majja (Bone Marrow)
• Shukra (Genital Hormones
and Secretions)
• Agni (Metabolic Fire):
Drives body's metabolism
• Malas: Waste products -
Feces, Sweat, Urine
• Srotas are the channels in
Ayurveda believed to
govern bodily
transformations.

Health: A state where the five elements are balanced, functioning normally, bringing joy to body,
mind, and soul; equilibrium of Dosh-Dhatu-Malas and Agni.
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The Body Matrix: Fusion of
body, mind, soul, and
senses.
Includes three humors
(Vatta, Pitta & Kapha), seven
tissues (Rasa, Mansa, Meda,
Rakta, Asthi, Majja, Shukra),
and waste (Mala, Mutra,
Sweda).
Food processing generates
humors, tissues, and waste.
Ingestion, absorption,
digestion, assimilation,
metabolism impact health
and disease.
Psychological factors and
Agni (bio-fire) play significant
roles.

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1. Ayurveda (Cont.)
SICKNESS: ILLNESS CAN STEM FROM
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DISEASES,
INDUCING BODILY STRAIN AND
DISCOMFORT.
CURE: REMEDIES ENCOMPASS
MEDICATION, SURGERY, AND OCCASIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ADJUSTMENTS.
DISRUPTION OF BALANCE: ARISES FROM
SHIFTS IN WEATHER, LIFESTYLE, DIET, OR
OTHER FACTORS. THIS CAN LEAD TO
DISEASE EMERGENCE OR IMBALANCES IN
VATA, PITTA, OR KAPHA, GENERATING
TOXINS WITHIN THE BODY.

Diagnosis involves two
techniques:
1. First technique: Identifies
condition and pathology
through diverse examinations.
 Methods: Inspection,
palpation, percussion, and
interrogation.
2. Second technique:
Determines treatment based
on individual's strength and
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DIAGNOSIS
2023
• Factors: Prakriti
(Constitution), Saar (Tissue
Quality), Samhnan (Physique),
Satva (Mental Strength),
Aaharshakti (Diet Intake
Capacity), Satamya
(Adaptability), Vyayaam Shakti
(Exercise Capacity), Vaya
(Age).
• Results indicate: Pravar Bal
(Excellent Strength), Madhyam
Bal (Moderate Strength), or

Treatment
• Treatment focuses on holistic health
balance, not just disease.
• Rooted in vata, pitta, and kapha dosha
theory.
• Utilizes "Panchakarmas" purification
processes.
• Prevents future illnesses through measures.
• Includes medicines, appropriate diet,
activity, regimen.
• Strengthens body against disease
recurrence.
• Three measures: Medicines, specific diet,
activity routine.
• Four essentials for dosha removal: Skilled
physician, quality medicaments,
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Treatment
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• Shodhana Therapy:
 Purifies the body through
detoxification methods.
 Methods includes Vamana
(Emesis), Shirovirechana
(Nasal Medication), Vasti
(Enema), Virechana
(Laxation), Raktmokshan
(Blood Letting).
• Shamana Therapy:
 Uses herbal medication to
address body imbalances.
• Pathya Vyavastha:
 Prescribes specific diets and
activities for patients.
• Nidan Parivarjan:
 Focuses on avoiding
disease-aggravating factors.
• Satvavajaya:
 Imparts psychological impact
to bolster patient's will and
courage.
• Rasayana Therapy:
 Enhances immune system
and patient's strength.

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Ayurvedic treatment modes
• Tailored to the individual,
not just the disease.
• Considers age,
environment, culture, and
physical makeup before
diagnosis.
• Focuses on addressing the
root cause for lasting relief.
• Comprises eight therapeutic
divisions:
 Shalkya (Otorhinolaryngology
and Ophthalmology)
 Rasayana (Gerentology)
 Shalya (Surgery)
 Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine)
 Kaumr Bhritya (Pediatrics,
Gynecology, Obstetrics)
 Bhoot Vidya (Psychiatry)
 Agad Tantra (Toxicology)
 Vajikaran (Aphrodisiacs).

• "Yoga" originates from "Yuj," meaning "to
yoke" or "to unite."
• According to Oxford Dictionary, "Yoga"
signifies "union."
• Signifies connection between individual spirit
and universal God.
• Practiced as an engaging discipline.
• Balances emotional well-being.
• Enhances physical health and mental serenity.
• Maharishi Patanjali emphasized suppressing
mental modifications.
• Operates on mind, energy, and emotions,
promoting holistic well-being.
• Goal: Self-realization, liberation from suffering,
achieving a state of liberation.
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2. Yoga

2. Yoga (Cont.)
• Yoga's origin in Rig Veda.
• Maharishi Patanjali's "Yoga Sutras" define yoga's
facets.
• Patanjali advocated "Ashtanga Yoga," the eight-
fold path for comprehensive human
development.
• Ashtanga Yoga involves physical discipline,
breath regulation, sense organ control,
contemplation, and meditation.
• Techniques aid in disease prevention,
particularly psychosomatic disorders, and
enhance overall health.
• Yoga practices have evolved to suit modern
lifestyles and societal demands.
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1.Yama (restraints): Five ethical
precepts guiding behavior towards
others.
 Ahimsa (non-violence)
 Satya (truthfulness)
 Asteya (non-stealing)
 Brahmacharya (celibacy)
 Aparigraha (non-coveting)
2.Niyama (observances): Self-
improvement practices.
 Saucha (purification)
 Santosa (contentment)
 Tapas (asceticism)
 Svadhyaya (study)
 Ishvara pranidhana (dedication)
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2. Yoga (Cont.)

2. Yoga (Cont.)
3. Asana (posture): Physical yoga
poses.
4. Pranayama (breath control):
Regulate breath cycles.
5. Pratyahara (withdrawal of senses):
Prepare for meditation by
disconnecting from distractions.
6. Dharana (concentration): Initial step
for inner freedom. Concentrate.
7. Dhyana (meditation): Focused
meditation on one object.
8. Samadhi (pure contemplation):
Achieved after dhyana. Merging with
meditation's object
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• Melds health and healing with Indian tradition.
• Originated in Greece 2500 years ago, influenced by Hippocrates.
• Rooted in herbs, animals, and minerals.
• Enriched by Middle East and Asian countries.
• Arabs introduced Unani to India, it took hold quickly.
• British colonial era introduced Allopathy, hurting Unani's growth.
• This led to decline in education, practice, and research.
• For centuries, Unani, like other traditional medicines, suffered
neglect.
3. UNANI

3. Unani (Cont.)
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Unani's Survival and Revival:
• Survived British era thanks to efforts of Nizam of Hyderabad, Azizi
family in Lucknow, and Sharifi family in Delhi.
• Hakim Ajmal Khan led Unani's revival during the freedom struggle.
• Founded Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College and Hindustani
Dawakhana in 1916.
• Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated it in 1921, supported by Princely
states.
Post-Independence Boost:
• Flourished after independence, alongside other traditional medicines.
• Government of India established research, educational institutions,
labs, hospitals.
• Recognized practitioners were hired.
Unani Today:
• India is a leading nation in practicing Unani medicine.
• Highest number of Unani-focused institutions for education, research,
and healthcare.
• Effective for chronic ailments, liver issues, skin problems,
reproductive disorders, musculoskeletal and immunological diseases.

3. Unani (Features):
• Ibn-e-Sina (Avicenna) defined it as understanding health
states and their restoration.
• Comprehensive medical system addressing health and
disease.
• Covers promotion, prevention, cure, and rehabilitation.
• Built on scientific principles and holistic health concepts.
• Focuses on individual, environment, body, mind, and soul.
• Temperament (Mizaj) crucial in diagnosis and treatment,
guiding diet and lifestyle.
• Effective for chronic issues: skin, liver, Musculo-skeletal,
reproductive, immunological, lifestyle.
• Uniqueness in use of elative, exhilarants, aphrodisiacs,
organ-specific tonics, immunomodulatory drugs,
temperament-specific treatments, correctives, and
purgatives.
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3. Unani (Cont.)
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Unani Focus:
• Emphasis on diet and digestion's role in health and
illness.
• Dietary plans aligned with temperament.
• Proper diets create good humours; improper lead to
bad ones.
• Drugs categorized based on temperament.
Scientific Development:
• Evolved systematically into healthcare.
• Integrated native systems from Central Asia.
Global Recognition:
• Known by various names worldwide: Greco-Arab
Medicine, Ionian Medicine, Arab Medicine, Islamic
Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Oriental Medicine, etc.

• Principles of healthcare
encompass treating health states
and ailments.
• Focus on promotive, curative,
preventive, and rehabilitative
aspects of healthcare.
• Diagnosis and treatment grounded
in holistic concepts and scientific
health principles.
• Emphasis on the relationship
between an individual and their
environment.
• Mind, body, and soul health are
prioritized.
• Individual temperament (Mijaz)
plays a significant role in
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3. Unani (Principles):

• Air: Hot and moist temperament.
• Earth: Cold and dry temperament.
• Fire: Hot and dry temperament.
• Water: Cold and moist temperament.
Arkan
(Elements)
:
• Based on the amalgamation of four
humours in the blood.
Mijaz
(Temperament):
• Fluids in the body that provide energy
and facilitate growth, nutrition, and
repair.
Aklāt
(Humours):
•Responsible for the effective functioning of the human body.
A'zā
(Organs):
•Gaseous matter aiding metabolic activities.
•Ruh burns Akhlat Latifa, generating power (quwa).
Arwāh
(Spirit):
•Quwa Tabiyah (Natural Power): Metabolism and
reproduction.
•Quwa Nafsaniyah (Psychic Power): In the brain, generates
motive and perceptive abilities.
•Quwa Haywaniyah (Vital Power): In the heart, sustains
tissue function, accepts psychic power outcomes.
Quwa
(Power):
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Seven core components human body
• Ensures movement and proper
functioning of all organs in the
human body.
Afāl
(Functions):

3. Unani (Diagnosis):
• Diagnosis is based on two factors: observation
and physical examination.
• Any individual's illness results from:
Their composition and makeup.
Their temperament, structure, and faculties.
External influencing factors.
Nature's effort to maintain physical functions
and restore balance.
• Diagnosis determines the cause and nature of
the disease, leading to a comprehensive
treatment plan. It involves investigating
disease causes, often including pulse reading,
urine and stool examination.
• Methods like palpitation, percussion,
inspection, and occultation are employed to
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3. Preventing Disease: 6 Essential Factors
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Air (Al Hawa): Environmental
changes can combat diseases.
Proper ventilation in homes
promotes a healthy ecological
cycle.
Food and Drink (Al Maakool wa
Al Mashroob): Ensure fresh,
hygienic, and pathogen-free food
and beverages.
Physical Exercise and Rest
(Harkat wa Sukoon-e-Badani):
Promotes muscle growth and
enhances blood circulation.
Mental Exertion and Rest
(Harkat wa Sukoon-e-Nafsaani):
Emotional factors like happiness
and sorrow can affect health.
Unani medicine addresses these
through psychological treatment.
Sleep and Wakefulness (Naum
wa Yaqza): Quality sleep and
wakefulness are essential for well-
being.
Evacuation and Retention
(Istifraagh wa Ehtebaas):
Smooth bodily functions prevent
disease.

4. Siddha Medicine
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Origin: Siddha, one of the oldest medicinal systems, originated in Tamil Nadu.
Meaning: The term 'Siddha' is derived from the Tamil word 'Siddhi,' signifying 'achievement' or
'perfection.'
Holistic Approach: Siddha not only treats diseases but also considers patient behaviour, environmental
factors, age, habits, and physical condition.
Geographic Focus: Predominantly practiced in Tamil-speaking regions worldwide.
Promotion: Siddha medicine has been advanced by eighteen siddhas, revered individuals who practiced
Siddha systems.
Effective for Various Conditions: Siddha medicine is particularly effective in treating a range of conditions,
including skin problems like STD and Psoriasis, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal diseases, liver
disorders, general debility, diarrheal, postpartum anaemia, fevers, as well as allergic and arthritis
disorders.

4. Siddha Medicine (History)
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Siddha Medicine's origin is uncertain but traditionally attributed
to Lord Shiva, passed to Nandhidevar, and then to 18 siddhars.
Agasthiyar is a prominent siddhar, with some of his writings still
in use.
Initially, Siddha knowledge was orally transmitted, later recorded
in palm leaf manuscripts.
Post-Independence, the Government established schools for
traditional medical systems, including Siddha.
Today, Siddha is taught in Government and private colleges in
Tamil Nadu and Kerala, as well as two universities in Sri Lanka.

4. Siddha Medicine (Concept)
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Siddha medicine focuses on perfecting the human body, differing from traditional medicine.
It shares principles with Ayurveda, specializing in Latro-chemistry.
Believes the human body, food, and drugs mirror the universe and its five basic elements.
The proportion of elements in drugs affects their therapeutic effects.
Views the body as a mix of three humors, seven tissues, and waste products.
Food is the basis for body tissues, humors, and waste products.
Health is the equilibrium of humors; imbalance leads to illness.
Advocates believe salvation is achievable through meditation and medicine.

4. Siddha Medicine (Chemistry)
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Siddhars possessed
extensive knowledge of
plants and minerals.
They practiced various
alchemical operations,
including calcination,
distillation, sublimation, and
more.
Siddhars were familiar with
the Cupellation process for
gold and silver before its
Arab discovery.
They were polypharmacists
skilled in boiling, dissolving,
precipitating, and
coagulating chemical
elements.
Some Siddhars' secret
methods, like fixing and
combining volatile
elements, remain
mysterious to this day.

4. Siddha Medicine (Diagnosis & Treatment)
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Diagnosis and treatment in
Siddha consider various
patient factors, not just the
disease itself.
Treatment is personalized to
everyone.
Diagnosis involves identifying
the root cause and includes
examining eyes, urine, pulse,
tongue, body color, voice, and
digestive system.
Detailed urine inspection
looks at smell, color, quantity,
density, and oil drop pattern.
Siddha medicine emphasizes
the holistic approach to
diagnosis and treatment.
Believes in the principle that
'food is medicine.'
Effective in treating chronic
conditions like liver problems,
anemia, rheumatism,
bleeding piles, prostate
enlargement, peptic ulcers,
and Psoriasis.
Medicines with mercury, lead,
silver, sulfur, and arsenic can
treat infectious and venereal
disorders, including issues in
HIV/AIDS patients.

• Derived from Greek words "Homois"
(similar) and "Pathos" (suffering).
• Treats diseases using remedies from
plants, minerals, and animals in
various forms.
• Tailors' treatments to everyone's
needs.
• Blends well with Indian tradition and is
recognized as a national system of
medicine.
• Follows a holistic approach to balance
mental, physical, emotional, and
spiritual health.
• Legally recognized in India through
the Homeopathy Central Council Act,
1973.
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5. Homeopathy

5. Homeopathy (Cont.)
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Based on two principles: "Contraria Contrariis Curantur"
(opposites cure opposites) and "Similia Similibus Curentur"
(like cures like), proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796.
Emphasizes the "Law of minimum dose," diluting
medications for greater effectiveness.
Founded by German physician Dr. Samuel Hahnemann.
Main principle is "similia," with a focus on individualized
holistic health.
Homeopathic concepts align with emerging trends like
personalized medicine and Nano pharmacology.

6. Naturopathy
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Utilizes natural remedies to support the body's self-healing ability.
Emphasizes nature as the ultimate healer.
Focuses on healthy living and drug-free approaches.
Aims to remove disease causes, particularly toxins, by eliminating
waste from the body.
Treats the entire patient, not just the disease, addressing physical,
mental, social, and spiritual aspects simultaneously.
Believes in "Food is the only Medicine," avoiding external
medications.
Naturopathic doctors provide holistic care tailored to each patient's
unique biochemistry, biomechanics, and emotional predispositions.

6. Naturopathy
(History)
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Naturopathy's historical roots trace back to Germany in the
1800s.
The term "Naturopathy" was coined by John Scheel in 1895.
Benedict Lust, known as the father of modern Naturopathy,
played a significant role.
The movement began with water cure therapy, also known as
Hydrotherapy.
Vincent Priessnitz popularized Water Cure worldwide, with
others contributing.
Louis Kuhne developed the principle of the Unity of Diseases
and Treatment, providing a theoretical basis for this method.

6. Naturopathy
(in India)
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Naturopathy's revival in India began with the
translation of Louis Kuhne's book in 1894.
Gandhi was inspired by Adolf Just's "Return to
Nature" and became a Naturopathy advocate,
conducting experiments and writing articles.
The National Institute of Naturopathy was
established in 1986 in Gandhi's memory.
Indian Naturopathy movement started in states
like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bengal,
Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh.

6. Naturopathy (key features)
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HOLISTIC APPROACH:
FOCUSES ON OVERALL
WELL-BEING AND
HEALTHY LIVING.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS:
EMPHASIZES DIET,
CLEAN WATER,
EXERCISE, FASTING,
SUNLIGHT, AND STRESS
MANAGEMENT.
ROOT CAUSE: IDENTIFIES
MORBID MATTER
ACCUMULATION AS THE
PRIMARY CAUSE OF
DISEASE.
NATURE'S HEALING:
TRUSTS IN THE BODY'S
NATURAL HEALING
ABILITIES AND NATURE'S
ROLE.
SELF-HEALING POWER:
RECOGNIZES THE
BODY'S ABILITY TO
PROTECT AND RECOVER
FROM ILLNESS.
COMPREHENSIVE CARE:
ADDRESSES MENTAL,
PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND
SPIRITUAL ASPECTS.
DISEASE ELIMINATION:
AIMS TO PERMANENTLY
REMOVE SUPPRESSED
DISEASES.

Mud Therapies: Mud pack, Mud bath,
Underground Mud Bath, Mud Pool Bath.
Hydrotherapy: Hip Bath, Spinal Bath,
Spinal Spray Bath, Immersion Bath,
Friction Bath, Foot Bath, Arm Bath, Steam
Bath, Sauna Bath.
Sun Therapies: Sun Bath, Colour Sun
Bath (Chromo Bath), Green Leaves Sun
Bath.
Fomentation: Hot & Cold Fomentation,
Wet Sheet Pack, Chest Pack, Abdomen
Pack, Trunk Pack, Knee Pack, Neck
Pack, Wet Girdle Pack.
Colon Health: Enema (Warm Water,
Butter Milk, Tender Coconut Water),
Circular Jet Bath, Colon Irrigation.
Hydro Massage: Deluxe Hydro
Massage, Jacuzzi, Hot and Cold-Water
Douches, Effusions, Whirlpool Bath.
Physical Therapies: Under Water
Exercises, Magnet Therapy, Colour
Therapy, Acupuncture, Acupressure,
Reflexology, Physiotherapy Treatments
(Exercise Therapy, Electro Therapy).
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6. Naturopathy (Therapies)

• Ensure Accessibility:
Provide timely and user-
friendly healthcare services
that meet people's needs.
• Improve Outcomes: Focus
on seamless and coordinated
care for patients and their
families, leading to better
health results.
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Integrated Health Systems (aim)
1. Functional Integration:
Coordination across units
and departments to deliver
optimal value and service to
patients.
2. Physician Integration:
Aligning physicians and
associated organizations
with shared values and
goals to enhance
consistency in patient care.
3. Clinical Integration:
Coordinating services from
diverse providers and
organizations through care
coordinators to maximize
healthcare quality and
efficiency.

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Need of Integration of various systems of
medicine
Enable
Enable timely
and effective
therapeutic
care, improving
patient
prognosis.
Provide
Provide a wider
range of
treatment
options.
Start
Start with
theoretical
integration,
pooling data
from existing
systems to
develop new
medical
concepts.
Leverage
Leverage
existing
similarities
among medical
systems.
Bridge
Bridge ancient
wisdom with
modern
discoveries.
Foster
Foster
collaboration
among
proponents of
different
medical
systems.
Hold
Hold great
potential to
meet society's
healthcare
needs.
Combine
Combine
traditional and
modern
medicine for
holistic health.

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Need of Integration of various systems of
medicine (cont.)
Receive
Receive
support from
government
setups,
research
councils, and
institutions.
Generate
Generate
tangible
evidence of
traditional
medicine's
effectiveness.
Benefit
Benefit from
India's
extensive
network of
traditional
healthcare
units,
practitioners,
and research
institutions.
Play
Play a
significant role
in treating
chronic
diseases.
Emphasize
Emphasize
health
promotion and
preservation.
Promote
Promote
wellness
centers and
improve
healthcare
systems.
Require
Require open-
mindedness
and
collaboration
among medical
experts.
Offer
Offer hope to
patients and
open new
research
possibilities in
healthcare.

Introduction to AYUSH System of Medicine

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