Introduction to Bioinformatics: Part 1
- 1. Bioinformatics type of skills are required to be a good bioinformatician to have a sound knowledge of molecular biology biochemistry molecular biophysics molecular modelling computer information technology biostatistics to understand bioinformatics software packages. the central dogma of molecular biology The main goals of Bioinformatics to manage data in an easy access to the existing information to submit new entries as they are produced to develop technological tools that help analyse biological data. to use these tools to analyse the data and interpret the results from a biological perspective. General Applications of DNA Data and Technologies Medicine more accurate and rapid diagnostics pharmacogenomics Design customized treatments Microbes for energy and the environmen the vast majority of microbes DO NOT cause disease Understanding microbes at a basic level enables us to use of theirdiverse and sophisticated abilities. Clean up toxic wastes Capture excess carbon to help reduce global climate change Generate clean energy sources like hydrogen Bioanthropolog Understand human lineage explore migration patterns through time Agriculture, livestock breeding, Bioprocessing Make crops and animals more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental conditions Grow more nutritious and abundant produce Incorporate vaccines into food products Develop more efficient industrial processes DNA identification Who’s the Father? Identify victims Exonerate or implicate people accused of crimes Identify contaminants in air, water, soil, food Confirm pedigrees of animals, plants, foods, drinks Bioinformatics limited to sequence, structural,and functional analysis ofgenes, genomes, and theircorresponding products considered computational molecular biology an application of Computational Biology more about using computational tools in biology Computational Biology encompasses all biological areas that involve computation EX: mathematical modeling of ecosystems, population dynamics, and sociobiology more about developing algorithms. amino acids Areas of Bioinformatics Sequence alignment (Genes, Proteins) Gene findingand genome assembly and annotation Microbiome and metagenome analysis Drug design and drug discovery Protein structure alignment Protein structure prediction and modeling Prediction of gene expression and protein–protein interactions Illustrating metabolic pathways Pharmacogenomics,pharmacogenetics Scope of Bioinformatics molecular biology biotechnology pharmaceutical, and biomedical sciences research institutions, hospitals, and industry the main sub-disciplines of Bioinformatics Human genome project (HGP) was started in 1987. To develop, new algorithms and statical methods which used to access the relationships among information’s present in large databases To develop new computer tools that enable efficient access and management of different types of biological information. To analyze and interpret various types of information, which include nucleic acid and amino acid sequences with protein structures and protein domains. Which types of issues or problems related to biological data are dealt with the bioinformatics? bioinformatics deals with development of data analysis tools molecular modelling of various biological macromolecules in 2D and 3D metabolic pathways in pharmaceutical industries to develop new drug molecules, peptide vaccines, proteins etc Essential Non-essential Not synthesized in body synthesized in body consumed in food all amino acids are required for body growth