2. Chemical Energy and Food
• Energy source = food = ATP
• A “calorie” is the unit for the amount of
energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 gm
of water 1 degree Celsius.
• 1 calorie gets you approx. 9000 ATP’s!
• Food you eat will be used for restoring
ATP, lost as heat, waste or stored for later
use.
7. Glycolysis
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of cell.
• Anaerobic process
• Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules
of Pyruvic Acid.
• NADH is produced and carries the high
energy electrons to the ETC (last step).
• Total ATP made are: 2
11. Krebs Cycle
• Location: matrix of mitochondria.
• First, pyruvic acid is broken down into
Acetyl Co-enzyme A.
• CO2 is produced (What happens to this?)
• Electron carriers produced: FADH2 and
NADH.
• Net of 2 ATP are formed. (1 from each
pyruvic acid from glycolysis)
12. Section 9-2
Krebs Cycle
NADH and
FADH2 carry high
energy electrons.
Those electrons
will generate ATP
in the next step:
ETC!
13. Electron Transport Chain
• Location: cristae (inner membranes) of the
mitochondria.
• The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)
release their high energy electrons to carrier
membrane proteins.
• H+ ions move through ATP Synthase channel
to generate the ATP.
• Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the
chain and combines with the H+ ions = H2O.
• Net total of 32 ATP.
Animation
19. Anaerobic Respiration
• Occurs in just the cytoplasm of cell.
• ANAEROBIC process.
• Starts off with Glycolysis (same as Aerobic)
• After glycolysis:
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvic acid is
turned into lactic acid. Bacteria produce dairy
products with lactic acid.
2. Alcoholic Fermentation – Yeast cells
produce CO2 and ethanol.
• Total ATP produced is: 2 (from glycolysis, not fermentation)
