1. Introduction to Computer
Architecture
Name Aayush Jha
Sub code Bcac201
Subject Computer architecture
Year 1st
year ( 2nd
sem)
CALCUTTA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
3. Definition of Computer Architecture
Computer architecture refers to the conceptual design and fundamental
operational structure of a computer system. It encompasses the structure
and behavior of the various components that make up a computer.
4. Importance and
Purpose
Understanding computer architecture is crucial for the design of efficient
hardware and software systems. It plays a vital role in system
performance, energy efficiency, and the ability to implement new
technologies.
5. Key Components
The key components of computer architecture include the Central
Processing Unit (CPU), memory (both volatile and non-volatile),
input/output devices, and interconnection networks. Each component
plays a crucial role in the overall function of the computer system,
influencing speed, efficiency, and capability.
6. Von Neumann Architecture
The Von Neumann architecture is a computer design model consisting of a
processing unit, a control unit, memory, and input/output mechanisms. It is
characterized by the storage of both data and programs in the same memory
space, allowing for flexibility but also creating a bottleneck known as the Von
Neumann bottleneck.
7. Harvard Architecture
Harvard architecture separates storage and treatment of instructions and data. It
features distinct memory storage systems for instructions and data, allowing
simultaneous data accesses and improving processing speeds, making it suitable
for specialized applications such as digital signal processing.
8. Parallel and Distributed
Systems
Parallel and distributed systems utilize multiple processors and computers to
perform simultaneous computations. They are designed to tackle complex
problems by dividing tasks across numerous processors, thereby increasing
performance and resource utilization. This architecture is crucial for cloud
computing, big data, and high-performance computing environments.
9. Conclusions
In conclusion, understanding computer architecture is foundational for the
development of efficient computer systems. Different architectures such as Von
Neumann, Harvard, and Parallel systems each have unique benefits and
applications, emphasizing the importance of architectural choice in computing.
