Introduction to computer Architecture. this will be helpful for Information Technology and Computer science Students and also for Lecturers.
- 1. Computer Organization and Architecture By: Abay G. CHAPTER ONE 1
- 2. Chapter Contents 2 1. Basics of Computer Organization and architecture 2. Functional units of Computer 3. Organizational Structure of Computer 4. Computer System Software Interaction of Hardware and Software
- 3. 1. Basics of Computer Organization and architecture 3
- 4. … Computer architecture ● Computer systems ○ Underlying hardware ○ Software running on it ● Computer architecture ○ Defn: It refers to the attributes of a system visible to a programmer that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program E.g. : Instruction set, No. of bits for various datatypes,… ○ The hardware/software interface seen by the user ○ Instruction set architecture (ISA) ● Processor microarchitecture ○ Implementation of a given architecture ○ May or may not be visible to the user 4
- 5. … Computer architecture Computer Architecture or Instruction Set Architecture 5 Transistors Logic gates Microarchitecture Architecture
- 6. … Computer Organization ● Defn: It refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. E.g. Interfaces, Memory Used,… ● The interconection of computer components, the organization of the computer is defined by its internal registers, the timing and control structure, and the set of instructions that it uses. ● A computer instruction is a binary code that specifies a sequence of microoperations for the computer. ● An instruction code is a group of bits that instruct the computer to perform a specific operation. ● Instruction code is usually divided into two parts. ○ Operation part - Group of bits that define such operations as add, subtract, multiply, shift, and complement. ○ Address part - Contains registers or memory words where the address of operand is found or the result is to be stored. ● Each computer has its own instruction code format. 6
- 7. 2. Functional Units of Computer 7
- 8. … cont. Five Classic Components of Computer - Input - Output - Memory - Datapath - CPU 8
- 9. 3. Organizational Structure of Computer 9
- 11. 4. Computer System Software, Interaction of Hardware and Software 11
- 12. … cont. 12
- 13. Tip: 13 2x transistors/chip every 1.5 years!
- 14. Thank You! ? 14