Introduction to data_structure

Data Structure And Algorithm
Prf. Purvi Prajapati
Department Of Information Technology
CSPIT, CHARUSAT

Outline
 Introduction
 Algorithm
 Data & Information
 Data Structure
 Data Type
 Types of Data Type
 Importance of Data Structure
 Types of Data Structure

Introduction
 Algorithm:
 a set of instructions for solving a problem in
a finite number of steps.
[From : https://www.dictionary.com]
 Step-by-step procedures required to solve a problem.
For example, to find the largest number in a list of
positive numbers.

Algorithm
Al Khawarizmi
 A great Iranian mathematician,
geographer and astronomer. He
introduced the zero, negative
numbers, algebra and the
decimal system. He also
invented mathematical
programming using a set of
instructions to perform
complex calculations.
 The term algorithm is named
after a variation of his name,
Algorithmi.

Algorithm
Algorithm is a step-by-step finite sequence of
instruction, to solve a well defined computational
problem for the given Input and expected Output.

Data & Information
 Data means value or a set of values.
 35
 21/12/2016,
 “CHARUSAT”
 12, 18, 24, 32
 Information means meaningful or processed data.
 35 Age of a person
 21/12/2016 Date of Birth
 “CHARUSAT” Name of the University
 12, 18, 14, 30 Marks of a subject
DATA
Procedure to
process data
Info-1
Info-2
Info-3
.
.
.
Info-n

Data Structure
 Data: Data is set of items
 Structure: How to organize data (A particular way of
organizing data in computer)
 A data structure is a method for organizing and
storing data, which would allow efficient data
retrieval and usage.

Data Structure
“I will, in fact, claim that the difference between a
bad programmer and a good one is whether he
considers his code or his data structures more
important. Bad programmers worry about the
code. Good programmers worry about data
structures and their relationships. ”
- Linus Torvalds (creator of Linux)

Algorithm + Data Structure = Program
-By Niklaus Wirth
 Program:
An implementation of
an algorithm in some
programming language

Data Type
 Data type is a term which refers to the kind of
data. That may appear in computation.
 35 Numeric (integer)
 21/12/2016 Date
 “CHARUSAT” String
 12, 18, 14, 30 Array of integers

Types of Data Type
Data Type
Built-in Data Type
(BDT)
Abstract / User-defined
DataType(ADT / UDT)
int
char
float
double
struct
union
class
Primitive
Non-
Primitive

Importance of Data Structure
 In computer, manipulation of primitive data
does not require any extra effort on the part of
user.
 In real-life applications, various kinds of data
other than primitive data are involved. So,
manipulation of real-life data requires following
tasks:
1. Storage representation of data
2. Retrieval of stored data
3. Transformation of data

Importance of Data Structure
 Data Structure is used for
 How the data should be organized in the memory
 How the flow of data should be controlled
 How efficiently it can be retrieved and manipulated
 How data should be designed and implemented to reduce
the complexity and increase the efficiency of the algorithm

Types of Data Structure
 Basically there are two types of Data Structures:
1) Primitive Data Structures
2) Non Primitive Data Structures
 Primitive Data Structures are in built data
structures for every programming languages.
 Non-Primitive Data Structures are user defined
data structures.

Types of Data Structure
DATA STRUCTURE
PRIMITIVE NON-PRIMITIVE
LINEAR NON-LINEAR
Array
Stack
Queue
Linked List
Tree
Graph
Table
Character
Integer
Floating point

Types of Non-primitive Data Structure
 Linear Data Structures :
 Elements are stored/accessed in sequential manner
from the computer’s memory.
 Non-linear Data Structures :
 Elements are stored randomly in computer’s memory.

References
 Classic Data structures, D. Samanta, Prentice-
Hall International.
 An Introduction to Data Structures with
Applications, Jean-Paul Tremblay, Paul G.
Sorenson, McGraw-hill.
 Data Structures using C & C++, Ten Baum,
Prentice-Hall International.
 Study materials prepared by Prof. Chintan
Gajjar.

Introduction to data_structure

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