Introduction to everything around Android

Agenda
 Introduction to
o Android mobile operating system
o Android app
o Android app sandboxing
o Android app development platform
o Android emulators and advance techniques
o Android device administration
o Sample App
Bipin Jethwani

Android is a mobile operating
system (OS) based on the Linux
kernel and currently developed
by Google.
Bipin Jethwani

Initially developed by Android, Inc.,
which Google backed financially and
later bought in 2005, Android was
unveiled in 2007.
This was along with the founding of the Open Handset
Alliance— a consortium of hardware, software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices.
Bipin Jethwani

The main hardware platform for Android is the
ARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures).
x86 and MIPS architectures are also officially supported
Since Android 5.0 "Lollipop", 64-bit variants of all
platforms are supported.
Bipin Jethwani

Google Nexus
Google's flagship Android
products
Google manages the design, development,
marketing, and support of these devices,
But some development and all manufacturing are
carried out by partnering original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs).
Nexus One
(by HTC)
Nexus S
(by Samsung)
Galaxy Nexus
(by Samsung)
Nexus 4
(by LG)
Nexus 5
(by LG)
Nexus 6
(by Motorola Mobility)
Nexus 7
(by Asus)
Nexus 9
(Google and HTC)
Nexus 10
(by Samsung)
Bipin Jethwani

Initial release September 23, 2008
Latest release April 21, 2015 (5.1.1 "Lollipop“)
Bipin Jethwani

Android 1.5 Cupcake
Bipin Jethwani

Android 2.0 Éclair
 Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts (emails and contacts)
 Microsoft Exchange email support.
 Bluetooth 2.1 support
 Multi-touch events

Android 2.2 Froyo (Frozen Yoghurt)
 Push Notifications
 Adobe Flash support.
 Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser
 Microsoft Exchange security enhancements including remote wipe
 Installing apps on SD card

Android 2.3 Gingerbread
 Native Code Development
 Near Field Communication (NFC)
 Download Manager
 Power Management

Android 3.0 Honeycomb
 The first tablet-only Android update.
 Fragment class was introduced
 Multi-core Processors

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
 Face Unlock

Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
(API level 16)
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
(API level 16)

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean
(API level 17)

Android 4.4 KitKat
(API level 19)

Android 5.0 "Lollipop"
 Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and
improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode
interpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation.
 Support for 64-bit CPUs
 Material design
 Project Volta, for battery life improvements

Android 5.1.1
 Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner
signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.

Android apps are written in the Java
programming language

However, they run on Android's own Java
Virtual Machine, called Dalvik Virtual
Machine (DVM)

Introduction to everything around Android

The Android SDK tools compile your code—
along with any data and resource files—into
an APK: an Android package, which is an
archive file with an .apk suffix.

.apk file is the containers for app binaries.
 .dex files these are all the app’s .class files
converted to Dalvik byte code.
 compiled resources (resources.arsc)
 uncompiled resource
 Binary version of AndroidManifest.xml
An .apk file contains all of the information necessary to run your application on a device or
emulator.

App are made from components.
Android instantiates and runs them as needed.

The two fundamental concepts about Android app framework
 App provide multiple entry points
o From one component you can start another component
using an intent. You can even start a component in a
different app, such as an activity in maps app to show an
address.
 Apps adapt to different devices
o You can create different XML layout files for different
screen sizes and the system determines which layout to
apply based on the current device’s screen size.

Three of the four component types—activities,
services, and broadcast receivers—are
activated by an asynchronous message
called an intent.

Once installed on a device, each Android app lives in its own security sandbox

 Android OS is a multi-user Linux system

 Each app is a different user.

 System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID

 This User ID doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.

 This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app.

 System sets permissions for all the files in an app so that only the User ID assigned
to that app can access them.

 This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.
 Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation
from other apps.

 This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.
 Each application is given a dedicated data directory which only it has permission
to read and write to
 Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation
from other apps.
 By default, every app runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process
when any of the app's components need to be executed, then shuts down the
process when it's no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for
other apps.

Zygote is a daemon whose goal is to launch Apps.

Automatically generated UIDs for applications start at 10000 (AID_APP), and the
corresponding usernames are in the form
 app_XXX or
 uY_aXXX (on Android versions that support multiple physical users),

The data directory of the email application is named after its package name and is created
under /data/data/ on single-user devices.

Thus, applications are isolated, or sandboxed,
both at the process level (by having each run in a
dedicated process) and at the file level (by having a private
data directory).
This creates a kernel-level application sandbox, which
applies to all applications, regardless of whether they are
executed in a native or virtual machine process.

 Apps that are signed with same certificate can share data, user ID, as well as run in
a single process. They just need to specify same sharedUserId and process.

Android Development Environment
Your workbench for writing android applications

Based on Eclipse
Based on IntelliJ Community Edition

Based on Eclipse
Windows
•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)

Based on Eclipse
Windows
Mac OS X
Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)

Based on Eclipse
Windows
Mac OS X
Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)
Linux
GNOME or KDE desktop
Tested on Ubuntu® 14.04, Trusty Tahr

DDMS
DDMS stands for: Dalvik Debug Monitor Server
It is used in:
Tracking memory allocation of objects
Examining thread information
Helps in emulating phone operations and location
Also for screen capture, call, and SMS spoofing.

Google USB Driver
The Google USB Driver is required for Windows only in order to
perform adb debugging with any of the Google Nexus devices.
Downloading the Google USB Driver

Running android app on real devices via USB
To run the Android app on a real device (Android Phone or Android Tablet):
1.Connect the real device to your computer.
1.Make sure that you have the "USB Driver" for your device installed on your
computer.
2.Enable "USB Debugging" mode on your real device:

computer.
(On Android 3.2 and older)
This allows Android SDK to transfer data between your computer and your device.
Also enable "Unknown source" from "Applications". This allows applications from
unknown sources to be installed on the device.
"Settings" ⇒ "Applications" ⇒ "Development" ⇒ Check "USB Debugging"

computer.
(On Android 4.0 and newer)
"Settings" ⇒ "Developer options" ⇒ Check "USB Debugging".

Running android app on real devices using USB
computer.
(On Android 4.2 and newer)
First you need to enable "Developer options" via
"Settings" ⇒ About Phone ⇒ tap "Build number" seven (7) times
"Settings" ⇒ "Developer options" ⇒ Check "USB Debugging".

A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES

 ANDROID LINUX KERNEL
 SYSTEM LIBRARIES
 RUNTIME
 APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS
 SDK
 KEY APPS

 SECURITY
 MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT
 FILE & NETWORK I/O
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 RUNTIME
 SDK
 KEY APPS

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 ANDROID SPECIFIC
 POWER MANAGEMENT
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 ANDROID SHARED MEMORY
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 LOW MEMORY KILLER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 LOW MEMORY KILLER
 IPC - BINDER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME

 LINUX KERNEL
 WINDOW MANAGER
 VIEW SYSTEM
 PACKAGE MANAGER
 ACTIVITY MANAGER
 LOCATION MANAGER
 NOTIFICATION MANAGER
 ALARM MANAGER
 CONTENT PROVIDERS
 RESOURCE MANAGER
 TELEPHONY MANAGER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME

Emulator
Can emulate many different device/user characteristics, such as
Network speed/latencies
Battery Power
Location coordinates

VGA means Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 640*480 pixels.
QVGA means Quarter Video Graphics Array and has a resolution of 320*240 pixels.
HVGA means Half Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 480*320 pixels.
WVGA (Wide Video Graphics Array) with a resolution of 800*480 pixels
FWVGA (Full Wide Video Graphics Array) at 854*480 pixels
The only difference between WVGA and FWVGA is the screen aspect ratio. WVGA has
15:9, and FWVGA is 16:9. 16:9 is better for HD movie watching

power ac off
power status not-charging

power ac off
help network
help network speed

network speed edge
EDGE (Enhanced GPRS) on GSM networks.
 It give 3x speed than outdated GPRS system.
 Max of 473 kbps.

Android Device Manager
Android Device Manager is a Google app that allows you to
track and secure your devices remotely.

, you can remotely track your devices, cause them to ring (even if it
was put in silent mode), change the lock code, or completely wipe
your devices through this handy little app.

https://www.google.com/android/devicemanager
If you lose your android device, you can use Android Device
Manager to:
1. Find
2. Ring
3. Lock
4. Erase
5. Add a phone number to lock screen
Depending on the permissions you give Android Device
Manager in the Google Settings app

https://www.google.com/android/devicemanager
If you lose your android device, you can use Android Device
Manager to:
1. Locate
2. Ring
3. Lock
4. Erase
5. Add a phone number to lock screen

www.google.co.in
www.android.com/devicemanager
www.google.com/android/devicemanager

Introduction to everything around Android

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Introduction to everything around Android