Introduction to fluid mechanics
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This document provides an introduction and overview of a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Mohsin Siddique. It outlines the course details including goals, topics, textbook, and assessment methods. The course aims to provide an understanding of fluid statics and dynamics concepts. Key topics covered include fluid properties, fluid statics, fluid flow measurements, dimensional analysis, and fluid flow in pipes and open channels. Students will be evaluated through assignments, quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The course intends to develop skills relevant to various engineering fields involving fluid mechanics.
Introduction to fluid mechanics
- 1. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and its applications Dr. Mohsin Siddique Assistant Professor 1 Fluid Mechanics
- 2. INTRODUCTION DR. MOHSIN SIDDIQUE Specialization: Coastal Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Sediment transport, hydrodynamics, Numerical modeling, Water resources Education: Ph.D. (2008-2011): The University ofTokyo M.Sc. (2005-2007): The University ofTokyo B.Sc. (2000-2004): UET Lahore Teaching Experiences: Asst. Prof (9/2013~): UOS Asst. Prof (8/2012~9/2013): FAST NU Asst. Prof (1/2012-8/2012): UET Lahore Lecturer (12/2004~12/2011); UET Lahore • Contact Detail: • Email: 2
- 3. About Fluid Mechanics Course Catalog Data Course: 0401343, Fluid Mechanics Credit Hours: (3 – 0) – 3 credits Course Schedule: Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday Course Goals: Intends to provide understanding of the statics and dynamic concepts of fluid flows. Course Description: The course provide students with basic information on statics, kinematics, and dynamics of fluids.These include the study of Properties of fluids; Fluid statics;Translation and rotation of fluid masses; Dimensional analysis and similitude; Fundamentals of fluid flow; Fluid resistance; Compressible flow; Ideal fluid flow; Fluid measurements.3
- 4. FLUID MECHANICS (3) 4 Recommended Books: 1. F. M.White, Fluid mechanics, Mcgraw-Hill (0-07- 128646-2) Additional resources. 1. J. B. Franzini and Finnemore, Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Application, McGraw-Hill NewYork (Latest Edition) 2. MonsonYoung, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, (Latest Edition) 3. Douglus, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Inc. 4. Jack P. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Inc. 5. Merle Potter, Mechanics of Fluid, CL- Engineering (2011)
- 5. Course Topics 0. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (this file) 1. Fluid Properties 2. Fluid statics 3. Fluid Dynamics (control volume approach) 4. Fluid Flow Measurements 5. Dimensional Analysis and Hydraulic Similitude 6. Dynamics ofViscous Fluid Flow in Closed Pipe 7. Dynamics of Fluid Flow in Open Channel Flow 5
- 6. Course Learning Outcomes After successfully completing this course, the students will be able to: Program Outcomes ABET** a-k & 9e 1. Define physical properties of fluids and appropriately classify fluid problems; a, e 2. Use fluid hydrostatics theory to evaluate hydrostatic forces and assess the stability of simple hydraulic structures and communicate on existing related projects; a, e 3. Derive and apply the integral forms of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy in fluid engineering problems; a, e 4. Perform dimensional analysis and similitude to present and interpret experimental data and models in fluid engineering problems. a, e 6 **Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology
- 7. FLUID MECHANICS (3+0) Course Outline: 0. Introduction: Importance of course in engineering, course syllabus, grading policy, learning outcome, advices 1. Fluid Properties: Solids and fluids (liquids and gases). Units and dimensions. Physical properties of fluids; density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, surface tension, compressibility.Viscosity, measurement of viscosity, Newton's equation of viscosity. Hydrostatics, kinematics, hydrodynamics, hydraulics. 2. Fluid Statics: Pressure intensity and pressure head: pressure and specific weight relationship, absolute and gauge pressure, measurement of pressure, Piezo-meter, manometer. Differential manometer and Borden gauge. Forces on Immersed Bodies: Forces on submerged planes & curved surfaces and their applications, Drag and Lift forces, buoyancy and floatation. Equilibrium of floating and submerged bodies. 7 7
- 8. FLUID MECHANICS (3+1) 8 3. Fluid Dynamics: Fluid Kinematics: Steady and unsteady flow, laminar and turbulent flow, uniform and non-uniform flow. Path-line, streamlines and stream tubes.Velocity and discharge. Control volume, Equation of continuity for compressible and incompressible fluids. Hydrodynamics: Different forms of energy in a flowing liquid, head, Bernoulli's equation and its application, Energy line and Hydraulic Gradient Line, Forces on pressure conduits, reducers and bends, stationary and moving blades, torques in rotating machines. Introduction to free and forced vortex,
- 9. FLUID MECHANICS (3+1) 9 4. Flow Measurement: Orifices and mouthpieces, sharp-crested weirs and notches, pitot tube and pitot static tube, venturimeter 5. Dimensional Analysis and similitude: concept of dimensional analysis, method of dimensional analysis, similitude, concept of dimensional similarity, dimensional numbers, model analysis 6. Dynamics ofViscous Fluid Flow in Closed Pipe: Darcy- Weisbach equation for flow in pipes. Major and minor losses in pipe lines. 7. Dynamics of Fluid Flow in Open Channel Flow: Concept of open channel, Chezy’s and Manning’s equations for open channel and their application.
- 10. Course Assessment Method 1. Assignments/Projects 10 % 2. Quizzes (approx. 1 per Chapter) 15 % 3. Mid Exam 1 (29 June) 30 % 4. Final Exam (16 Jul.) 45 % 10
- 11. MY GLODEN ADVISESMY GLODEN ADVISES Office Hours: A golden time to build up your skills and excel in the course with my golden advices on the course topics and strengthen your engineering skills in the subject. Homework Assignments: Homework assignments are bonus points it will only benefit you if you spend the necessary time to understand the basics and solve the problems yourself. Keep up with the homework assignments, as the topics in this course build upon each other. Quizzes: Focused assessment by chapter to monitor your progress and discover your weakness in the chapter. If you do bad in quizzes you must rethink: (1) the way you solved your homework ,and (2) reconsider to efficiently use the office hours. Be Professional and watch the deadlines: In your professional life dedication and keeping deadlines are your keys for success, No One (neither your boss nor you client) will respect your excuses for a delayed work. Start here and teach your self the wisdom of an organized professional learning. 11
- 12. Examination Policy Examinations will deal with your class work, textbook problems. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties associated with course your textbook will be never enough to get an A in this course. Use the additional references to be better prepared. Examinations are closed book and only complex Formulas will be provided. Attendance Policy The University of Sharjah Attendance Policy applies to this course The classroom doors will be closed 10 minutes after the class start time. Assignment Delay Policy 1 day of delay will reduce your assignment grade by 1. 2 days delay mean -2 and so on… if assignment is delayed by one week, there will be not grade. Important Note: 12
- 13. Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications: To Design water, oil and gas pipeline Networks To study Oceanography and Coastal Engineering To Design Dams, Spillways, Hydraulic Jumps To study Water and Air Pollution To Design bridges across rivers To design slabs that resist to water and groundwater pressures To Design inshore Civil infrastructure 13
- 14. FLUID MECHANICS 14 Fluid: Fluids are substance which area capable of flowing and conforming the shapes of container. Fluids can be in gas or liquid states. Mechanics: Mechanics is the branch of science that deals with the state of rest or motion of body under the action of forces. Fluid Mechanics: Branch of mechanic that deals with the response or behavior of fluid either at rest or in motion.
- 15. Branches of Fluid Mechanics 15 Fluid Statics: It is the branch of fluid mechanics which deals with the response/behavior of fluid when they are at rest. Fluid kinematics: It deals with the response of fluid when they are in motion without considering the energies and forces in them. Hydrodynamics: It deals with the behavior of fluids when they are in motion considering energies and forces in them. Hydraulics: It is the most important and practical/experimental branch of fluid mechanics which deals with the behavior of water and other fluid either at rest or in motion.
- 16. Significance of Fluid Mechanics 16 Fluid is the most abundant available substance e.g., air, gases, ocean, river and canal etc. It provides basis for other subjects e.g., Public health/environmental engineering Hydraulic Engineering Irrigation Engineering Coastal engineering etc etc
- 17. State of Matter 17 1. gas 2. Liquid 3. Solid fluid
- 18. Comparison Between Liquids and Gases 18 Liquids have definite volume at any particular temperature Liquids have free level surface Molecules of liquid are close to each other Liquids have relatively more molecular attraction Liquids are slightly compressible Rate of diffusion of liquid is less Gases do not have any definite volume Gases do not have free level surface Molecules of gases are far apart Gases have less molecular attraction Gases are highly compressible Gases have higher rate of diffusion
- 19. Comparison Between Liquids and Solids 19 Liquid conform the shape of any container Liquid can flow Molecules of liquid are distinctly apart Liquid have relatively less molecular attraction Liquid are slightly compressible Liquids cannot sustain shear forces Do not conform the shape of container Solids cannot flow Molecules of solids are very close to each other Solids have more molecular attraction Solids are highly incompressible Solids can sustain shear
- 20. Dimension and Units 20 System of Units System International (SI) Fundamental dimensions: length, mass and time Units: (meter, kilogram and second) British Gravitation System (BG) Fundamental dimension: length, force and time Units: (ft, slug and second) CGS System Fundamental dimensions: length, mass and time Units: (centimeter, gram and second)
- 21. Dimension and Units 21 Dimension Fundamental/Primary Dimension length(L), mass (M) and time (T) Derived/Secondary Dimensions e.g., force, velocity, acceleration etc Fundamental/Primary Dimension
- 22. Units of Some Dimensions in Different Systems 22 Syste m Length Time Force Velocity Accele ration Energ y Power Tempe rature SI m s N m/s m/s/s N-m kg-m/s oC BG ft s lb ft/s ft/s/s ft-lb ft-lb/s oF CGS cm s dyne cm/s cm/s/s dyne- cm dyne- cm/s oC Fundamental Units length(L), mass (M) and time (T) Derived Units e.g., force(F), velocity(L/T), acceleration (L/T/T) etc
- 24. Conversions 24 Length 1m=1000mm=100cm 1ft=12inch 1m=3.281ft 1Mile=5280ft=_______km Time 1day=24hours 1 hour=60min 1 min=60s Mass 1kg=1000g 1kg=2.204lb 1kg=9.81N 1N=_____lb ? Volume 1m3=1000liters=_______cm3 1m3=35.32ft3
- 25. Unit Conversion 25 It is the process of relating dimensions of a quantity from one system to another. e.g., (i) 1m = 3.281 ft (ii) 1kg= 2.204 lb Exercise: Convert the units of following. 60 miles/hour=_________ ft/s=___________m/s=____________km/hr 10m3/s=________liter/min=__________ft3/s=____________ in3/s 15N/m2=___________=___________N/cm2=______________lb/ft2
- 27. Sample MCQs 27 (i). Fluids do not conform the shape of container they are placed in. (True/False) (ii). Unit of force in SI is ____________. (a). Newton (b). Pound (c). Kg (d). dyne (iii). Convert 2 kg/m3 to _____lb/ft3. (iv). Branch of fluid mechanics that deals response of fluid at rest is called (a) Fluid Dynamic (b). Fluid kinematics (c). Fluid statics (d). Hydraulics (v). Fluid are absolutely not compressible. (True/False) (vi).Write name of any text book on fluid mechanics along with author name. Answer:___________________________________
- 28. Thank you Let’s discuss if you have any question…. Feel free to contact: 28