Introduction to foreign exchange trading

Introduction to
Foreign Exchange Trading
The world’s biggest market at your desk

Contents
Chapter 1
Foreign Exchange (Forex) Basics 4
Chapter 2
Why trade foreign currency? 6
Chapter 3
How foreign exchange prices work 8
Chapter 4
How trading works 10
Chapter 5
Your trading plan 13
Chapter 6
Before you start 16
Chapter 7
Further information 18
Admiral MarketsIntroduction to Foreign Exchange Trading
The world’s biggest market at your desk
Admiral Markets Pty Ltd (ABN 63 151 613 839) (“Admiral”) is regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments
Commission (AFSL no. 410681). Before using Admiral products or services, please refer to the Product Disclosure
Statement (PDS), Financial Services Guide (FSG) and Terms and Conditions. Any information contained in this document
does not constitute financial advice. This content is provided for the purpose of assisting traders to make independent
judgments and is subject to change at any time without notice. Admiral is not liable for any loss or damage, including
without limitation, any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
Trading foreign exchange carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The high degree of leverage
available can magnify profits and as well as losses. You can lose more than your initial deposit. Before trading, please
carefully consider the risks and inherent costs and seek independent advice as required. There are also risks associated
with online trading including, but not limited to, hardware and/or software failures, and disruptions to communication
systems and internet connectivity. Admiral utilises numerous backup systems and procedures to minimise such risks and
reduce the duration and severity of any disruptions and failures. Admiral is not liable for any loss or damage, including
without limitation, any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly as a result of failures, disruptions or delays.

What is Forex?
Forex or FX is the common abbreviation for Foreign
Exchange. If you've ever travelled to another
country, you probably had to find a currency
exchange booth at the airport, and then exchange
the money you have in your wallet or purse into
the currency of the country you are visiting. When
you do this, you have essentially participated in the
Forex market – you have exchanged one currency
for another. Or in Forex trading terms, assuming
you are an Australian visiting America, you've sold
Aussie dollars and bought United States dollars.
Before you fly back home, you stop by the currency
exchange booth to exchange the United States
Dollars that you have left over and notice the
exchange rates have changed. It's these changes in
the exchange rates that allow you to make money
in the foreign exchange market.
Foreign exchange is the World’s largest and
most active market. It’s where banks and dealers
exchange large amounts of foreign currency,
mostly to facilitate trade and investment between
countries. It’s open all day and night - except at the
weekends – and its volume amounts to about $5
trillion a day.
Compared to the measly $4-5 billion a day volume
of the Australian Stock Exchange or even the
relatively small $22 billion a day volume of the New
York Stock Exchange, the foreign exchange market
is absolutely huge. That massive $5 trillion number
covers the entire global foreign exchange market,
but retail traders (like Admiral Markets clients) trade
the spot market and that's about 30% or $1.5 trillion
per day.
Who Trades Forex?
The market is basically comprised of four different
groups. At the very top of the Forex market ladder
is the interbank market. Composed of the largest
banks of the World, and some smaller banks, the
participants of this market trade directly with each
other or electronically through the Electronic
Brokering Services (EBS) or the Thomson Reuters
Spot Matching system. The competition between
the two companies - the EBS and the Thomson
Reuters Spot Matching system - is fierce.
All the banks that are part of the interbank market
can see the rates that each other is offering, but this
doesn't mean that just anyone can trade Forex at
those prices. The rates will be largely dependent
on the established credit relationship between
the trading parties. A few of the largest banks that
make up the interbank market include UBS, Barclays
Capital, Deutsche Bank, and Citigroup. Some
governments and their central banks, such as the
European Central Bank, the Bank of England, and
the Federal Reserve, are regularly involved in the
interbank market too.
Next on the Forex ladder are the smaller
governments, hedge funds, large corporations,
retail market makers, and retail ECNs. Since these
institutions do not always have close credit
relationships with the participants of the interbank
market, they have to do their transactions through
commercial banks. This means that their rates are
slightly higher and more expensive than those who
are participants in the interbank market.
Chapter 1
Foreign Exchange (Forex) Basics
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Companies take part in the foreign exchange market for the purpose of doing business. For instance, Apple
must first exchange its U.S. dollars for the Japanese yen when purchasing electronic parts from Japan for
their products. Since the volume they trade is much smaller than those in the interbank market, this type
of market player typically deals with commercial banks for their transactions. Just like companies, smaller
national governments participate in the Forex market for their operations, international trade payments, and
handling their foreign exchange reserves.
At the bottom of the Forex ladder are the retail traders. It used to be very hard for retail traders to engage in
the Forex market but, thanks to the advent of the Internet, electronic trading platforms, and retail brokers like
Admiral Markets, the difficult barriers to entry in Forex trading have been removed.
When Can You Trade Forex?
The Forex market hours stretch from Monday morning in Sydney, Australia to Friday afternoon in New
York. During that time the market is open somewhere around the globe at all hours of the day or night.
However it is not a 24/7 market because it does shut down on weekends. 24/5 would be more accurate. The
Forex market can be broken up into four major trading sessions: the Sydney session, the Tokyo session, the
London session, and, the New York session.
Usually, the best time to trade the Forex market is when large volumes of currencies are being traded. At
those hours, traders can take full advantage of the liquidity in Forex markets. Since the Forex market trades
24 hours a day, the greatest liquidity is when several countries are trading at the same time. In each time zone
across the world, Forex markets operate from 8am to 4pm. So, to take advantage of heavy trading volume, it’s
worthwhile to determine when Forex market hours in different countries overlap. When currencies are the
most active, that’s when traders have a better chance of making a profit. Slow markets offer little chance of
profit and therefore Forex traders usually stay away.
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Liquidity
Because the foreign exchange market is global
and includes all of the World’s largest banks, you
can be sure that there’s always someone to trade
with – unlike the share market where you might
want to buy a particular share, but no one wants
to sell (or vice versa). This ability to trade at any
time is called liquidity. High liquidity means there
is always someone to trade with, and there is little
risk of a single trader or entity being able to move
the price, as can happen in other markets, like the
stock market.
Easy to understand
The learning curve in the share market is steep and
the amount of analysis required can be daunting.
You need to understand dividends, price-earnings
ratios, and how to assess the quality of corporate
management before deciding which shares are
likely to move in which direction. By comparison,
foreign exchange is relatively straightforward.
You take a currency you’re familiar with (say, the
Australian dollar) and look at its value against
another currency. There are only a few major
currencies that lend themselves to Forex trading.
You need to learn what influences movements
in a currency pair and, just as importantly, how
to use technical analysis to improve your chances
of success.
Trade at home, from
a café, or on holiday
One of the things that makes foreign exchange
trading so popular is that markets are open
24 hours a day. This means you can trade after
work, early in the morning, during lunch or even
overnight – whenever it suits you. Further, you
can trade directly from your desk, or even while
sitting in your favouring café with your laptop and
a wireless internet connection. Some traders take
it a step further by trading on their mobile phones.
Foreign exchange providers give you more or
less direct access to the markets. This means you
can do your analysis, make your trading decisions,
set a stop-loss order to help protect yourself
against big losses, and execute the trade without
ever needing more than your computer and a
broadband connection.
Chapter 2
Why trade foreign currency?

Low transaction costs
In the forex market, trading directly or through
derivatives, the cost of trading currencies is
determined by “the spread”, which is the difference
between the price at which traders can buy a
particular currency pair and the price at which
they can sell. This spread can vary from time to
time, depending on the market conditions, and
is different depending on the currency pair and
which provider you use.
For most trading purposes, the cost of each trade
is not vitally important to its success. An exception
applies to some intraday strategies the aim to
capture small profits. On a trade size of $10,000,
for which you need an initial margin of $100, the
spread will usually average around three pips or
approximately $3. The spread can vary from as low
as 0.5 pips for high volume major currencies to
five or more pips for minor currencies. If you hold
a position for longer than 24 hours, there may be
a small interest charge depending on the interest
rate differentials between the two currencies. At
other times, you may be paid a small amount of
interest on your position. The interest amount is
credited or debited as your position is rolled over
to the next day, and is made so that you can keep
the position open without actually taking delivery
of the currency.
Leverage
The foreign exchange market offers the availability
to profit from a large position in the market for a
small upfront cost, known as the initial margin.
This is called leverage. The maximum leverage in
the share market is usually 20:1, which means your
contract is for 20 times the initial margin (deposit)
you paid. In the foreign exchange market leverage
is a ratio of at least 50:1 but is usually 100:1. In order
to buy $10,000 worth to US dollars, for example,
you only have to pay $100 to enter the trade,
because you effectively borrow the remainder,
or $9,900.
To show you the kind of returns this level of
leverage can offer, suppose you buy Australian
dollars and the Australian dollar’s value rises from
$US 1.00 to $US 1.02. A currency can move by this
amount, or more, in a matter of a few hours when
markets are moving swiftly. It represents a change
of 2.2 percent, but since you have leverage of 100:1,
your profit on the upward move will be 100 times
2.2, or 220 percent based on the initial amount
you pay.
With this amount of leverage, even very small
moves in the value of a currency can result in quite
large gains and losses. You will need to learn the
basic rules of risk management to trade safety in
the market and how to place stop-loss as well as
stop-limit orders (that is, orders to close a position
when the price reaches a set level). You will need to
take some time to lean about trading plans, risk to
reward ratios, money management, position sizing,
fundamental analysis and technical analysis before
you begin.

Currency pairs
Each currency has a universal three-letter code (the
ISO code) that all foreign exchange participants
use to identify it. The code for Australian dollar is
AUD and the US dollar is USD. Currencies are always
quoted in pairs, such as AUD/USD, GBP/USD or USD/
JPY. The reason they are quoted in pairs is because
in every foreign exchange transaction, you are
simultaneously buying one currency and selling
another. The first listed currency to the left of the
slash ("/") is known as the base currency, while the
second one on the right is called the counter or
quote currency.
When buying, the exchange rate tells you how
much you have to pay in units of the quote currency
to buy one unit of the base currency. When selling,
the exchange rate tells you how many units of the
quote currency you get for selling one unit of the
base currency. The base currency is the "basis" for
the buy or the sell. If you buy EUR/USD this simply
means that you are buying the base currency, or
Euros, and that you are simultaneously selling the
quote currency, or U.S Dollars.
You would buy the pair if you believe the base
currency will appreciate (gain value) relative to the
quote currency. You would sell the pair if you think
thebasecurrencywilldepreciate(losevalue)relative
to the quote currency. When you see a quote that
looks like this: AUD/USD 0.9836 you know that what
is being valued (the base currency) is one Australian
dollar ($A1) and that its value is being given in terms
of US dollars (the counter currency).
Most currencies (Japanese yen, Swiss francs, and
Canadian dollars to name a few) are quoted with
the US dollar as the base currency, that is, pricing
the US currency in terms of its value in the other
currency, but there are four notable exceptions:
British Pounds (GBP), Euros (EUR), Australian dollars
(AUD) and New Zealand dollars (NZD). These are
quoted the other way around. Although buying
British pounds is the same as selling US dollars, if
you always think in terms of how the base currency
will move when placing your trade, you are less
likely to get confused.
Major, Minor and
Commodity Currencies
The term “major currencies” is used to refer to the
seven most liquid (most actively traded) currencies
in the market. These are the US dollar (USD), British
pound (GBP), Eurozone euro (EUR), Japanese yen
(JPY), Swiss franc (CHF), Canadian dollar (CAD), and
Australian dollar (AUD). Minor currencies are all
currencies other than the majors.
Commodity currencies are those whose home
countries rely heavily on the commodity exports
for a major share of their expert income. According
to IMF studies, there are 58 countries which could
be included here, but the most active ones are
the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar and the New
Zealand dollar.
The term major currency pairs often specifically
refers to any pairs that include the USD, while a pair
that doesn’t include the USD is a cross currency.
Major currency pairs are the seven most liquid pairs:
EUR/USD, USD/JPY, USD/CHF, GBP/USD, AUD/USD,
NZD/USD and USD/CAD.
Long/Short, Bid/Ask
First, you should determine whether you want to
buy or sell. If you want to buy (which actually means
buy the base currency and sell the quote currency),
Chapter 3
How foreign exchange prices work

you want the base currency to rise in value and
then you would sell it back at a higher price. In
trader's talk, this is called "going long" or taking a
"long position." Just remember: long = buy.
If you want to sell (which actually means sell the
base currency and buy the quote currency), you
want the base currency to fall in value and then
you would buy it back at a lower price. This is
called "going short" or taking a "short position". Just
remember: short = sell.
The bid is the price at which your broker is willing
to buy the base currency in exchange for the quote
currency. This means the bid is the best available
price at which you (the trader) will sell to the market.
The ask is the price at which your broker will sell the
base currency in exchange for the quote currency.
This means the ask price is the best available price at
which you will buy from the market. Another word
for ask is the offer price. In foreign exchange terms,
the difference between the bid and the ask price
is known as the spread. Other names for the same
thing are the bid-ask spread or buy-sell spread.
Pips & Pipettes
The unit of measurement to express the change
in value between two currencies is called a "Pip."
If EUR/USD moves from 1.2241 to 1.2242, that .0001
USD rise in value is one PIP. A pip is usually the last
decimal place of a quotation. Most pairs go out to
4 decimal places, but there are some exceptions,
like Japanese Yen pairs (they go out to two decimal
places).
Suppose the Australian dollar is going up in value
and rises from US101.05 cents to US101.06c. In the
Forex market, this is expressed as a move from
$US1.0105 to $US1.0106. This is the smallest move
that a currency can make against another and is
known as one pip.
There are pro accounts available that quote
currency pairs beyond the standard "4 and 2"
decimal places to "5 and 3" decimal places. They are
quoting fractional PIPS, also called "pipettes." For
instance, if GBP/USD moves from 1.51542 to 1.51543,
that .00001 USD move higher is one PIPETTE.
Standard, Mini and Micro
contract
In the spot forex market, the typical size of a trade
is the equivalent of $US100,000, where the base
currency is US dollars. This typical trade unit size is
known as a standard lot or standard contract. For
Australian dollars, the base currency is the Australian
dollar itself and the size of a deal is $100,000 worth
of the counter currency. At this contract size, an
initial margin of $1000 is required and the value of a
one-pip move is $US10 against that currency.
Many forex trading providers offer smaller contract
sizes. Admiral Markets offers mini contracts
where an initial margin of $100 is required and
the value of a one-pip move is $US1 against
that currency. Admiral Markets also offers micro
contracts on the standard accounts for the
equivalent of just $1000 and requiring an initial
margin of $10. This allows traders with small
accounts to enter into trades without exceeding
their maximum loss limits, which are related to
position size. A one-pip move at this lot is equal to
US10c against that currency.

Spot Foreign exchange and CFDs
Most foreign exchange trading in Australia occurs in the spot market via instruments called currency
contracts for difference (CFDs), but there are other ways to trade. Among them are instruments listed on
official exchanges, such as currency futures.
Spot trades require an initial margin to start with, and further margin payments on a daily basis if the market
moves against you (down when you have bought, for example). This means you need more than the initial
margin in order to trade if the market moves rapidly against you.
Example Forex trade
Here’s an example of a profitable trade in the forex market. Suppose you think the Australian dollar is likely
to rise against the US dollar because Australian interest rates are starting to increase again. In the market at
the time, the Australian dollar is quoted the AUD/USD 1.2078-1.2080 and you open a trade to buy $A100,000
at 1.2078. A few days later, the Australian dollar has moved up and the new quote is AUD/USD 1.3050-1.3052.
You close the trade by selling Australian dollars at $US1.3052. Your profit is the difference between the two
$US values, or a profit of $US972, as illustrated below.
1 December
Buy AUD$100,000 at USD$1.2080 USD $120,800 (value) -
Pay initial margin AUS $1000.00
Commission nil
5 December
Sell AUD$100,000 at $US1.3052 USD $130,052 (value) +
Initial margin returned AUD $1000.00
Commission nil
Profit USD $972.00
Three Types of Market Analysis
What makes a currency move? In order to find out when a currency like the Australian dollar will appreciate
against another currency, traders look towards three types of analysis that work hand-in-hand to help them
comeupwithgoodtradeideas. Technicalanalysis isthestudyofpricemovementonthecharts.Fundamental
analysis takes a look at how the country's economy is doing. Market sentiment analysis determines whether
the market is bullish or bearish on the current or future fundamental outlook. Let’s look at these in more
detail.
Chapter 4
How FX trading works

Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is a way of looking at the
market by analysing economic, social, and political
forces that affects the supply and demand of an
asset. The idea behind this type of analysis is that
if a country's current or future economic outlook is
good, their currency should strengthen. If demand
for a country’s goods or services is increasing, or
the number of people wanting to invest there is
growing, they need to buy that country’s currency
before they can buy its goods or invest and then
the currency tends to rise in value.
Investment in Australia, for example, is attractive
when our economy is strong, when share prices
on the stock market are expected to move higher,
when companies are paying good dividends, and
when interest rates are rising. When these things
are happening, the Australian dollar tends to move
higher against other currencies. The Australian
dollar is like a tiny share in the wealth of the nation
as a whole.
Some of the economic indicators that show how
healthy the economy is include:
• Interest rates - the dollar tends to move up
when interest rates are rising.
• Global growth and demand for resources -
Australia produces commodities including
metals, coal and agricultural products such
as wheat and wool. When demand for these
goods is increasing, this supports the currency.
• The economic cycle - Indicators include housing
statistics, retail sales, automotive sales figures
and employment levels.
• Budget and trade deficits and surpluses -
surpluses indicate strong growth and a rising
Australian dollar, deficits the opposite.
• Inflation – inflation reduces investment returns,
and rising inflation tends to reduce the long-
term value of the currency. Indicators of
inflation include the consumer price index and
the money supply statistics.
Technical Analysis
Technical analysis is the framework in which
traders study price movement. The theory is that
a person can look at historical price movements
and determine the current trading conditions
and potential price movement. The market is like
a balance that’s set as new information about
fundamentals comes to hand, swinging in one
direction and then another, and from time to time
finding a point where it might rest briefly until more
new information is available. As all this happens,
prices show patterns that tend to be repeated.
Identifying these patterns by examining charts of
past price behaviour is called technical analysis.
The main evidence for using technical analysis is
that, theoretically, all current market information is
reflected in price. If price reflects all the information
that is out there, then price action is all one would
really need to make a trade. Technical analysis
provides the basis on which most traders make
their trading decisions. As fundamental factors
always show up in price formation, many traders
make their decisions based on technical analysis
alone.
Chartsallowyoutoanalysemarketpatternandtrend
data and provide a visual representation of price
and volume levels that you can use to determine
the next likely move for a currency. There is no such
thing as absolute certainty when forecasting price
movement. The market can do anything, and often
defies both logic and the forecasts of charts.

Among the patterns and indicators traders use to
forecast the way a market is likely to move are:
• Trend lines - lines joining higher and higher low
points (uptrend) or lower and lower high points
(downtrend). Prices breaking through these
lines can indicate the beginning of a possible
change in price direction.
• Moving averages - smooth out past movements
and indicate a possible new trend if the price
moves through the average.
• Reversal patterns - such as head-and-shoulders,
tops and bottoms, triple tops and rounded tops.
• Support and resistance - price points that a
market has had difficulty moving through in
the past.
• Relative strength indicators - show whether the
market can be considered overbought.
• Fibonacci levels - levels that indicate a continued
move in the current direction is breached.
• MACD or Moving Average Convergences/
Divergerence used to help spot early trends and
trend reversals.
• Cyclicity indicators - markets go through cycles
of bullish and bearish phases with periods in
which they tend to return to their average.
Cyclicity indicators help reveal such cycles.
Sentiment analysis
Each trader's thoughts and opinions, which are
expressed through whatever position they take,
helps form the overall sentiment of the market.
There’s one thing that’s constant about the market’s
behaviour, it’s that traders tend to overreact,
pushing prices to higher levels than their true
value, and then overreach in the opposite direction,
pushing them to levels below true value. Sentiment
analysis is all about picking these reactions.
Although the indicators of market sentiment, such
as moving averages and a currency’s average true
range (ATR) are traditionally thought of as technical
analysis tools, technical analysis focuses on past
price movements.
Sentiment analysis attempts to understand what is
driving trader decisions for now and the immediate
future. Volume of trade is one indicator that can
help determine which direction the weight of
trading money is flowing, and this can help reveal
what the market believes is going to happen, which
is market sentiment. It’s the difference between
what the charts indicate the market is likely to do
based on its past behaviour, and what it actually
does as each unique market situation unfolds.


Developing Your
Trading Plan
Trading in foreign exchange can be risky, especially
if you haven’t traded before. Most people who
lose money trading in leveraged markets (such
as the Forex market) do so because they haven’t
undertaken the essential learning, have no trading
discipline and no set trading plan.
Don't follow someone else's trading advice blindly.
Just because someone may be doing well with their
method, it doesn't mean it will work for you. We all
have different market views, thought processes, risk
tolerance levels, and market experience. Have your
own personalized trading plan and update it as you
learn from the market.
Finding strategies that work and then preparing
a trading plan takes some research and time to
ensure it covers every essential aspect of keeping
your risk capital safe and maximising your chances
of success. Your trading plan should have the
following as essential elements:
• Your objective in trading - this might be a
target return or an expected percentage gain
on winning trades. Many traders in forex target
a number of pips per week as their trading
objective.
• Use of trading strategies that have been proved
to work in the past.
• How you will decide when to enter (buy or
sell) - this will come from your understanding
of proven trading strategies and proper use of
technical analysis.
• Use of stop losses - stop losses are essential
for risk management, and require close study
so that you use them appropriately for your
position size and amount at risk.
• How you will decide when to exit a trade.
This is also a result of your understanding of
the trading strategies and the proper use of
technical analysis and chart patterns.
• Definition of your risk-management system -
risk-management rules are designed to preserve
your risk capital by limiting the amount you put
at risk on any one trade.
Sound money
management
Sound money management is essential to the
success of your foreign exchange dealing. It’s
fundamental. The reason so many potential traders
fail early in their attempt is that they ignore this
simple discipline that, if followed, will keep any
trader from the disastrous losses that often spell the
end of their trading endeavours. Here are some of
the guidelines successful traders follow:
Chapter 5
Creating a trading plan

1. Don’t risk more than 1 percent of your capital
on any one trade. This rule, along with correct
position sizing will keep you from risking too
much of your capital at once, and from showing
a disproportionately large loss on any trade.
2. Learn about stop losses and how to use them.
A stop-loss order (known as a stop) is an order
to exit your position at a particular price as a
means of limiting losses or helping to protect
profits already made on positions that are still
open. Determine the price level of your stop-loss
by reference to the specific currency pair you are
trading and its past behaviour, as indicated by
charting signals, rather than by simply placing
it to keep losses to a known dollar amount.
Pay particular attention to support and
resistance, trend lines, and recent volatility
when placing stops.
3. Know how to calculate your risk-reward ratio,
or the ratio of how much you are likely to gain
to how much you have at risk. The reward, or
possible gain is based on the target price for
the currency, which is the level you expect the
exchange rate to reach based on your technical
analysis. The risk is the total amount at risk based
on where you place your stop, also calculated by
reference to chart signals and patterns. Unlike
shares, where a minimum risk reward ratio
would be 3:1 – a possible gain of $3 for every $1
risked – the minimum acceptable ration in the
Forex market is 1:1.
4. Determine your position size based on how
much you will lose if the stop is triggered at
the indicated level, and the 1 per cent rule. You
should know in advance how much the likely
maximum loss will be on the trade.
5. Realise that no matter how well you know
the rules, emotion can step in and overrule
that rational knowledge. Hesitation through
uncertainty before entering a trade, and the
tendency to hold on to a losing position in the
hope that it will turn around and prove you
right, are among the most common trading
errors.
Data and software
To know whether the entry and exit rules in your
trading plan will work, you will need to test them
on actual trading data. The best way to do this is
through software designed for the purpose, using
past data from actual foreign exchange markets.
Admiral Markets will be able to help you with a
practice account that includes many of the tools
you’ll need. Only when you are confident your
system will work – providing bigger profits on
winning trader over time than the losses on losing
trades – should you begin trading with real money.
Trading psychology
The psychology of trading relates to how well a
trader manages his trading capital and the risks
involved in leveraged trading. The only successful
traders are those who keep strictly to the money
management rules that have been found to work.
The psychology of trading examines why there
is a conflict, if any, between what we think and
understand about the markets and what we go
on to do. The reason traders – especially beginners
– don’t follow the rules is that they have not
understood their own relationship to money and to
greed. Leveraged trading in forex will challenge you
to know yourself better and to learn what you really
think about money and greed. It will also challenge
you to accept responsibility for your results in the
knowledge that there is no one else to blame.

There is no substitute for experience in learning about your own ability to keep from overtrading, hesitating,
and risking too much, from adjusting stop-loss levels without sound reasons or from holding a losing position
past the maximum loss level. But awareness of these possibilities and the reason for them in your own mind
– everyone being different in this regard – can make the experience more valuable. A good place to start is
Mark Douglas’s book, ‘Trading in the zone’, which is written for traders generally, and is directly applicable to
forex trading.

Chose a Forex broker
Choosing a suitable foreign exchange broker is not
as easy as it sounds. One of the best ways is on a
recommendation from other traders, but as a guide
you should look for a broker that:
• Is reputable and offers secure handling of
clients’ funds, in particular segregation from
their own and ideally offering protection for
those funds – including unrealised profits, and
cash on deposit – against their own financial
failure.
• Check that your Forex provider holds a licence
from the Australian Securities and Investments
Commissions (ASIC), the regulatory body for
Australian financial markets.
• Offers not only the best spreads between bid
and ask prices, but also consistent spreads that
aren’t widened significantly during times of
market volatility – remember this is the cost of
trading;
• Does not requote prices, unless there are
exceptional conditions, but allows you to trade
at or very close to the price quoted on the
screen;
• Allows you to deposit funds and withdraw
earnings smoothly and speedily;
• Has a responsive, fully featured and easy-to-use
trading platform;
• Offers competent, easily available account and
technical support, especially after the account is
opened.
Learn the trading
platform
Trading platforms come in two main varieties. You
either download the software and run it on your
own computer, or you trade via the internet using
remotely operated software. Internet (web-based)
platforms give you’re the flexibility of trading from
any computer. Software you download has to be
available on the computer you wish you use, which
could mean downloading and installing it again if
you change computers.
Web-based platforms are not necessarily better,
however. What’s more important is the features
they provide in terms of charting tools, trading
features, ease of use, screen legibility and speed of
execution. Before beginning to trade, take some
time to learn how the software works by trading
the smallest possible trade sizes or, if possible
trading on a practice account where no real money
is involved. This will help prevent the occurrence of
trading errors because of unfamiliarity with the way
the software works.
Chapter 6
Getting Started

Demo and Live Accounts
Using a practice (or demo) account is one of the best ways to prepare for trading with real money. However,
there are differences that you should keep in mind when making the transition from a practice account to a
live account:
• Delayed vs. live data feeds: Some practice accounts use delayed pricing information in their demo trading
system, which could affect the timing of trades and any impact of fundamental news announcements.
• The way orders are executed: Demo platforms can execute some order differently than the way they are
executed in a live account – particularly stops and limits. It’s important to understand how the executions
might differ.
• Features available: Demo systems often only include basic features, and you will receive full access to all
features only after opening a live account. Examples include available charting tools and indicators, and
you should make sure you understand what will be included with a live account.
• Emotions: Because you are not trading with real money in a practice account, your emotion will not be a
factor. Be sure to develop a disciplined trading plan so you not let your emotions get the better of you.

Without the essential information on trading plans
and strategies, Forex trading is more of a gamble
than a source of income. Use these resources to
help you learn more.
Foreign Exchange Books
Currency Trading for Dummies
By Mark Galant and Brian Dolan
Market Wizards
By Jack D. Schwager
Essentials of Foreign Exchange Trading
By James Chen
Technical Analysis of the Currency Market: Classic
Techniques for Profiting from Market Swings and
Trader Sentiment,
By Boris Schlossberg
Technical Analysis
Resources
www.incrediblecharts.com
www.esignal.com
www.investopedia.com
www.admiralmarkets.com.au/analytics/
www.admiralmarkets.com.au/technical/
www.admiralmarkets.com.au/fundamental/
Trading Plans
Art of Trading
By Christopher Tate
Better trading
By Daryl Guppy (Australia)
Trading Psychology
Trading in the Zone
By Mark Douglas (USA)
Chapter 7
Further information

Introduction to foreign exchange trading

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Introduction to foreign exchange trading