Introduction to Highway Engineering - Civil Engineering
- 1. Highway and Traffic Engineering Unit 1 Introduction - Ms A A Bhosale Assistant Professor D Y Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kasaba Bawada M Tech (Construction Management) PhD(Construction Finance - Pursuing)
- 2. Transportation Engineering What is Transportation Engineering_ _ Transportation Engineering.mp4
- 4. Characteristic of Road Transportation • Road Transportation is versatile, Various types of vehicles can be operated on road. • Requires relatively small investments. • Also construction and maintenance is cheaper compared to other modes • Flexibility in changing location, lane, speed, direction and time. • Suitable for short distance travels • Speed movements directly related to the severity of the accidents
- 5. Highway Development and Planning Highway development and planning involve the design, construction, and maintenance of roadways to ensure efficient and safe transportation. Objectives: • Improve transportation efficiency. • Enhance safety and reduce accidents. • Support economic development. • Minimize environmental impact. Key Components: • Planning: Assessing current and future transportation needs. • Design: Creating detailed plans for road construction. • Construction: Building the highway infrastructure. • Maintenance: Ensuring long-term usability and safety.
- 6. Road Development Plans in India Nagpur Plan (1943-1963) • First systematic road development plan in India.Target: Create a grid of national and state highways totaling 2 lakh km. • Classification of Roads: Divided roads into four categories – National Highways (NH), State Highways (SH), Major District Roads (MDR), and Other District Roads (ODR). • National Grid: Emphasis on developing a national grid of highways connecting major cities and regions. • Significant Routes and Cities: • NH 1: Delhi to Amritsar via Ambala and Jalandhar. • NH 2: Delhi to Kolkata via Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, and Varanasi. • NH 4: Mumbai to Chennai via Pune, Satara, Belgaum, and Bangalore. • NH 6: Surat to Kolkata via Dhule, Nagpur, and Raipur.
- 7. Second Road Development Plan (1961-1981) • Focus on improving and extending the existing road network. • Emphasis on rural roads and connectivity to remote areas. • Rural Connectivity: Significant investment in rural roads to improve access to villages. • Integration with Five-Year Plans: Road development included in the planning process of national Five-Year Plans. Significant Routes and Cities: • NH 7: Varanasi to Kanyakumari via Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, and Madurai. • NH 8: Delhi to Mumbai via Jaipur, Udaipur, and Ahmedabad. • State Highways: Improvement of state highways connecting state capitals like: • SH 1: Jaipur to Jodhpur. • SH 2: Kolkata to Siliguri.
- 8. Third Road Development Plan (1981-2001) • Accelerated development of rural roads and major district roads. • Introduction of the Rural Roads Development Fund for targeted investment. • Focus on Rural Areas: Enhanced connectivity for agricultural markets and rural development. • Major District Roads: Improvement and extension of roads connecting district headquarters. Significant Routes and Cities: • NH 9: Pune to Vijayawada via Solapur and Hyderabad. • NH 17: Panvel (Mumbai) to Kochi via Goa, Mangalore, and Kozhikode. • MDRs: • Connecting district headquarters like: • Pune to Satara. • Nagpur to Chandrapur.
- 9. Bharat Nirman and Early Modern Plans (2005-2009) • Rural infrastructure development program, with a significant focus on road connectivity. • Part of broader national efforts to boost rural development and infrastructure. • Rural Road Connectivity: Ensuring all-weather road access to rural habitations. • Integration with NHDP: Complementing national highway projects for holistic development. • Significant Routes and Cities: • Rural Roads: • Connecting rural areas to nearest markets and major highways. • Projects in states like Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar for enhancing rural access. • NHDP Projects: • Golden Quadrilateral: • Delhi to Kolkata, Delhi to Mumbai, Mumbai to Chennai, and Chennai to Kolkata. • North-South and East-West Corridors: • Srinagar to Kanyakumari, and Silchar to Porbandar.
- 10. Classification of Road • Methods of Classification of Road • Traffic Volume • Load Transported / Tonnage • Location and Function
- 11. Classification on the basis of function • National Highway • State Highway • Major District Road • Other District Road • Village Roads
- 12. Express way • For Speedy and heavy traffic • Pedestrians not allowed • Connect main markets, important places Complete separation of opposite moving traffic by a divider or median • Level crossings, sharp curves, steep gradients avoided • Telephone facility, Highway Police, Servicing Stations, Refreshment Facility available at regular intervals
- 13. National Highway • Running through length and breadth of India • Connecting major ports, foreign highways, capitals of large states, large industrial and the tourist centers and strategic movement of defense. • Necessarily same specification • Construction and maintenance by Central Govt • Example – NH1 – Delhi – Ambala – Jalandhar – Amritsar (upto Pakistan border)
- 14. State Highway • Arterial roads of state • Connecting national highways of adjacent states, district head quarters and imp cities in the state • Same design speed and geometric specifications as that of the NH • Example • MH SH10 – Malegaon to Manmad road • MH SH 112 Sawantwadi – Amboli - Sindhudurg, Kolhapur
- 15. Major District Roads • Connecting areas of production and market and connecting other major roads or main highways • Lower design speed and geometric specification than NH and SH
- 17. Other District Roads • Serving rural areas of production and providing them with outlet to market centers, taluka head quarters, block development head quarters or other main roads. • Lower design speed and geometric specification than MDR
- 18. Village Road • Connecting villages or groups of villages with each other to the nearest road of the highest category • https:// www.mapsofindia.com/maps/maharashtra/maharashtraroads .htm
- 20. Highway alignment Requirements of alignment • Short • Easy • Safe • Economical
- 21. Factors controlling Alignment • Obligatory points • Traffic • Geometric Design • Economics • Other considerations • Stability • Drainage • Geometric standard of hill roads • Resisting length
- 23. Engineering surveys locating a new highway a) Map study. b) Reconnaissance. c) Preliminary surveys. d) Final location and detailed surveys.