Introduction to nanobiotechnology
- 2. Richard P. Feynman (nobelist,1965) is credited with the birth of nanotechnology. 1959 Challenged the scientific community There’ s no question that there is enough room on the head of a pin to put all of the Encyclopedia Britannica,… I’m not inventing antigravity, which is possible someday only if the laws are not what we think. I am telling what could be done if the laws are what we think; we are not doing it simply because we haven’t yet gotten around to it.” HISTORY Nanobiotechnology was initiated by the development of AFM that enables imaging at atomic level in 1980
- 3. Nano: • The word nano is from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe "one billionth" of something, or 0.000000001. • The word nano is from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe "one billionth" of something, or 0.000000001. A prefix that means very, very, small.
- 4. NANOSCALE 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 nm 22 cm 12,756 Km 0.7 × 10-9 m 10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller
- 5. NANOSCALE Cont. Water molecule Nanodevices Nanopores Dendrimers Nanotubes Quantum dots Nanoshells White blood cell Tennis ball
- 7. NANOTECHNOLOGY • Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized 100 nanometres or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.
- 8. WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motor Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanobiotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
- 9. NANOFABRICATION •Bottom up approach o molecular systems o biomolecules •Top down approach oUV lithography oIonic gelation
- 10. •Atomic force microscopy •Electron microscopy •Scanning Tunneling Microscope •Magnetic resonance imaging •Zetasizer ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
- 11. APPLICATIONS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY • Biological imaging for medical diagnostics. • Advanced drug delivery systems. • Biosensors for airborne chemicals or other toxins. • Regenerative medicine: • More durable, rejection- resistant artificial tissues and organs.
- 12. Nanobiotechnology in diagnosis •Higher sensitivity: detection of early biomarkers •Non- invasive and painless diagnostic techniques • Genetic testing for individual therapy selection
- 13. • Targeted drug delivery − Nanoparticles containing drugs are coated with targeting agents (e.g. conjugated antibodies) − The nanoparticles circulate through the blood vessels and reach the target cells − Drugs are released directly into the targeted cells Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery
- 14. • Thermal ablation of cancer cells − Nanoshells have metallic outer layer and silica core − Selectively attracted to cancer shells either through a phenomena called enhanced permeation retention or due to some molecules coated on the shells − The nanoshells are heated with an external energy source killing the cancer cells Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and an external energy source – National Cancer Institute Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery
- 15. FUTURE GOALS AND CONCERNS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY •Nanobiotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, biomaterials and energy production. •Nanobiotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics.
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