Introduction to nutrient focused approach

Editor's Notes

• #10: Now we are going to confirm role of key nutrients commonly deficit in many African countries. Protein.Protein is an Important to build body cells, body fluids, antibodies, and other parts of the immune system. Good sources of protein includes animal base foods such as meat, eggs, seafood, and plant base foods such as beans, peas, and lentils. Iron.Iron deficiency is a primary cause of anemia and can result in cognitive impairment, decreased work productivity, and death. Zinc.Zinc deficiency in children is associated with poor health, increased risk of diarrhea, and impaired cognitive and motor development. Vitamin A.Vitamin A deficiency has severe consequences, even with mild deficiency, including night blindness, increased susceptibility to infections, and death. Other than these item, iodine deficiency, vitamin D deficiency are also observed in many countries I briefly explained role of key nutrients for human in this slide. Then In the next slide, I will explain the role of key food group in human health
• #13: There are wide range of dietary recommendation we experience in our daily life. We will make use of two key recommendation out of them, Dietary Reference Intake, referred as DRI and Food Based Dietary Guideline, referred as FBDG. So what is DRI and FBDG? DRI tells us required amount of daily intake of nutrients such as protein, vitamin A, iron. Background of DRI is nutrition science and food science, which tries to link specific nutrient and human health, Typical use case of DRI is by the nutritionist to design healthy meal for certain population, such as school children, hospital inpatient FDBG tells us required amount of dairy intake of key food groups such as egg, vegetables, dairy products. FDBG is designed to be understandable and usable for ordinary people, setting consumption target of food ingredient or menu instead of unfamiliar nutrient name. FDBG is designed to satisfy DRI requirement by combining different type of food item in a good balance. This combination is designed based on the survey of national and local diet culture.
• #16: So far, we have went through the concept of healthy diet, especially two typical tool of food guidance, DRI and FBDG. Now let’s look at the real situation. What is the gap between those recommendation and our current dietary culture.
• #17: This graph is from research paper published by international food policy research institute. Food supply data from each country is compared with global reference FDBG, which is synthesized by author by reviewing ten representative country’s FDBG. Horizontal axis, all country are sorted by GDP per capita. Vertical axis stands for oversupply or deficient in each country group. Each graph has six coloring, each color stands for different food group, as indicated in the legend. From this graph, we can understand dietary transition in the course of economic development. By looking at each food group from low-income country status to high income status, we can realize there are four type of commodity group. First group, oversupply during low income status, gradually decrease supply and become deficient at high income status. Starch food group belongs to this category. Second group, deficit at low income status, gradually increase as income grow, and oversupply at high income status. Animal source food and oil fats belong to this category. Third group, regardless income status, always deficit. Vegetable, fruits and pulses belong to this category. Fourth group, regardless income status, always oversupply. Sugar belongs this category. We can make use of this findings to consider medium to longer term strategy to ensure balanced diet.
• #18: Now I will share with you about similar assessment focusing on each country belongs to EAC
• #19: Table in previous slide is converted into graph. It is clear that only tuber is surplus in EAC countries
• #20: Continue from previous slide. Again, we can see all food commodity is deficient
• #21: Observation at local level Up to now, we have observed dietary gap based on national agriculture statistics. This is simple and easy to analyze. However, this is just an estimate, does not necessary give us real picture of local diet. In the following slide, I share the result of quick dietary survey conducted in Mozambique
• #22: I conducted small survey in Niassa province, Mozambique. I conducted quick 24hour dietary recall survey for around 20 households. Most of household showed quite similar result in terms of food group consumption. So, this is just extraction of four household. As you can see, there are two type of food group which all household do not consume. First group is animal source food. Second group is vitamin-a rich fruits and vegetables Then we asked follow-up question why you don’ t consume specific food group, and what is your ideal diet. Answer is summarized in the following slide.
• #24: Observation at local level Up to now, we have observed dietary gap based on national agriculture statistics. This is simple and easy to analyze. However, this is just an estimate, does not necessary give us real picture of local diet. In the following slide, I share the result of quick dietary survey conducted in Mozambique
• #27: Observation at local level Up to now, we have observed dietary gap based on national agriculture statistics. This is simple and easy to analyze. However, this is just an estimate, does not necessary give us real picture of local diet. In the following slide, I share the result of quick dietary survey conducted in Mozambique
• #33: 赤字でのご訂正、ありがとうございます。 文字の色を元の色に変更させていただきました。
• #34: Nutrient Focused Approach (NFA) is an approach to identify nutrient deficiency and design the context-specific dietary diversification solutions to tackle the nutrition issues that are identified. This also can be used as a tool to guide specific roles of the agricultural sector in the nutrition issues.