Introduction to Oracle SQL Database Systems.ppt

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.
Introduction

I-2 Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able
to do the following:
• List the features of Oracle9i
• Discuss the theoretical and physical aspects of
a relational database
• Describe the Oracle implementation of the
RDBMS and ORDBMS

Oracle9i
Scalability
Reliability
Single
development
model
Common
skill sets
One
management
interface
One
vendor

Oracle9i

Oracle9i Application Server
Business Intelligence
Business intelligence
Transactional Apps
Transactional Apps
Portals
Portals
A
P
A
C
H
E
Integration
Integration

Oracle9i Database
Multimedia
Multimedia
Object Relational Data
Object Relational Data
Messages
Messages
Documents
XML
Documents
XML

Relational and Object Relational Database
Management System
• Relational model and object relational model
• User-defined data types and objects
• Fully compatible with relational database
• Support of multimedia and large objects
• High-quality database server features

Oracle Internet Platform
Clients
System
management
Network services
Databases
Application
servers
Development
tools
Internet applications
Presentation and
business logic
Business logic
and data
Any browser Any FTP client
Any mail
client
Java
SQL
PL/SQL

System Development Life Cycle
Strategy
and
analysis
Design
Build
and
document
Transition
Production

Data Storage on Different Media
Electronic
spreadsheet
Filing cabinet
Database

Relational Database Concept
• Dr. E.F. Codd proposed the relational model for
database systems in 1970.
• It is the basis for the relational database
management system (RDBMS).
• The relational model consists of the following:
– Collection of objects or relations
– Set of operators to act on the relations
– Data integrity for accuracy and consistency

Definition of a Relational Database
A relational database is a collection of relations or
two-dimensional tables.
Oracle
server
Table Name: EMPLOYEES Table Name: DEPARTMENTS
… …

Data Models
Model of
system
in client’s
mind
Entity model of
client’s model
Table model
of entity model
Tables on disk
Oracle
server

• Create an entity relationship diagram from
business specifications or narratives
• Scenario
– “. . . Assign one or more employees to a
department . . .”
– “. . . Some departments do not yet have assigned
employees . . .”
Entity Relationship Model
EMPLOYEE
#* number
* name
o job title
DEPARTMENT
#* number
* name
o location
assigned to
composed of

Entity Relationship
Modeling Conventions
Entity
Soft box
Singular, unique name
Uppercase
Synonym in parentheses
Attribute
Singular name
Lowercase
Mandatory marked with “*”
Optional marked with “o”
Unique Identifier (UID)
Primary marked with “#”
Secondary marked with “(#)”
EMPLOYEE
#* number
* name
o job title
DEPARTMENT
#* number
* name
o location
assigned to
composed of

Relating Multiple Tables
• Each row of data in a table is uniquely
identified by a primary key (PK).
• You can logically relate data from multiple
tables using foreign keys (FK).
Table Name: EMPLOYEES
Table Name: DEPARTMENTS
Primary key Primary key
Foreign key
…

Relational Database Terminology
1
2
3 4
5
6

Relational Database Properties
A relational database:
• Can be accessed and modified by executing
structured query language (SQL) statements
• Contains a collection of tables with no physical
pointers
• Uses a set of operators

Communicating with a RDBMS
Using SQL
SELECT department_name
FROM departments;
SQL statement
is entered.
Oracle
server
Statement is sent to
Oracle Server.

Relational Database Management System
User tables Data
dictionary
Oracle
server

SQL Statements
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
RENAME
TRUNCATE
COMMIT
ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT
GRANT
REVOKE
Data retrieval
Data manipulation language (DML)
Data definition language (DDL)
Transaction control
Data control language (DCL)

Tables Used in the Course
EMPLOYEES
DEPARTMENTS JOB_GRADES

Summary
• The Oracle9i Server is the database for Internet
computing.
• Oracle9i is based on the object relational database
management system.
• Relational databases are composed of relations,
managed by relational operations, and governed
by data integrity constraints.
• With the Oracle Server, you can store and manage
information by using the SQL language and
PL/SQL engine.

Introduction to Oracle SQL Database Systems.ppt

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