Introduction to Processing
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The document provides an introduction to Processing, an open-source programming language and environment used for creating visuals and animations. It covers downloading and installing Processing, using the Processing Development Environment, setting the canvas size and coordinates, drawing basic shapes using code, adding color, using variables, loops and conditionals to create animations, and provides examples and resources for learning more.
Introduction to Processing
- 1. Introduction to Processing Kids & Technology Meetup April 5, 2014 Washington, DC
- 2. Download and Install Processing Go to https://processing.org/download/ Download Extract the files Processing can be run from any location, but on Windows it is conventional to place the folder into C:Program Filesprocessing-2.1.1 (or whatever version) Instructions for Mac and Linux can be found here: http://www.processing.org/tutorials/gettingstarted/ Create a shortcut for the Processing.exe file and place on the Desktop
- 3. Processing Development Environment (PDE) Run program Stop Type code here Remember to save! (click on “File”) Code files in Processing are called “sketches”
- 4. The Canvas To control the size of the canvas, type: size(X, Y); X = width Y = height size(500, 250); creates the following: Must end with ; X Y (0, 0) (500, 250) (500, 0) (0, 250) Must be lower case What are the X and Y coordinates for a point in the middle?
- 5. Let’s Code! size(500, 500); point(100, 100); Press Run!
- 6. Canvas Layout This is the X,Y coordinate system we learn in school: This is the coordinate system for the Canvas. Each point is a pixel:
- 7. Basic Shapes - Point point(X, Y); Point point(4, 5);
- 8. Basic Shapes - Line line(X1, Y1, X2, Y2); Line Starting point Ending point line(1, 2, 5, 2);
- 9. Basic Shapes - Rectangle rect(X, Y, W, H); Rectangle Width Height Starting point Width Height rect(4, 5, 5, 3);
- 10. Basic Shapes - Ellipse ellipse(X, Y, W, H); Ellipse Center Width Height Height Width ellipse(4, 5, 3, 7);An ellipse where W = H is a circle !
- 11. Draw a Figure Use what we have learned to combine shapes and draw something Or you can use the code below – make sure you understand what each line is doing size(200,200); rectMode(CENTER); rect(100,100,20,100); ellipse(100,70,60,60); ellipse(81,70,16,32); ellipse(119,70,16,32); line(90,150,80,160); line(110,150,120,160); Source: http://processing.org/tutorials/drawing/
- 12. Add Some “Color” Set the background color to white: background(255); Why do we use 255 for white? Grayscale
- 13. stroke() and fill() The line color (or outline color) is set with stroke(); Set the line color to black: stroke(0); Set the shape’s fill color to gray: fill(150); Numbers closer to 0 will be darker, closer to 255 will be lighter.
- 14. Now Let’s Really Add Some Color RGB – Red Green Blue Instead of typing fill(150), we can use the three RGB values: fill(R, G, B); fill(255, 0, 0); // red fill(0, 255, 0); // green fill(0, 0, 255); // blue fill(100, 50, 50); // to mix colors
- 15. Using Multiple Colors in One Sketch Every time you add the stroke() or fill() statements, the shapes that follow will get those colors You can keep changing colors within a sketch, as shown here: background(255); size(500, 500); // Bright red fill(255,0,0); ellipse(100,100,50,50); // Dark red fill(127,0,0); ellipse(200,200,50,50); // Blue fill(100,100,255); ellipse(300,300,50,50);
- 16. Find the Perfect Color Processing has a color selector tool RGB values
- 17. Color Transparency To let portions of objects “beneath” other objects show through, we an add transparency fill(0, 255, 0, 255); // green, opaque fill(255, 0, 0, 125); // red, about 50% transparent 0 = completely transparent 255 = completely opaque The first object in the sketch will be on the bottom. The next will go “above” that one. Each object is added to a new layer.
- 18. Examples File / Examples
- 19. How About Animation? Yes, you can do that in Processing But, we need to learn a few more things first Variables Loops Conditionals
- 20. Variables Variables are used for storing values We can change those values if we want to For drawing, we are mostly going to use integers and decimal numbers (floating point numbers) int boxWidth = 75; // the box width is an integer and its value is 75 pixels int boxHeight = 50; float y = 2.5; // y is a decimal and its value is 2.5 We can change the values of variables in our code. Other variable types are described here: http://www.openobject.org/physicalprogramming/Using_Variables_in_Processing
- 21. Loops To make an object move, we will have to “loop” or repeat some code many times Now we will use the Processing program structure
- 22. Loops – Processing Structure Declare variables setup() – these commands are only done once Loop – the draw() loop repeats over and over Notice that setup() and draw() enclose their contents inside curly braces.
- 23. Conditionals If this happens, then do that if (test) { then do something; } if (test) { then do something; } else { do something else; } Within each block (between the curly braces), there can be multiple lines of code.
- 24. Conditionals - continued x = 0; draw() { x = x + 1; if (x > 100) { x = 0; } } Add one to x (increment x). Check if x is greater than 100. If so, set x back to 0. Repeat that over and over.
- 25. Animation Example Let’s draw a box that moves across the screen First draw the box on the left side of the canvas Do this in setup() int x; // declare x and y for our starting point int y; void setup() { size(500, 500); background(255); stroke(255); fill(100,100,255); x = 0; y = 150; }
- 26. Animation Example - continued Now let’s think about our draw() loop Let’s start with a box on the left side of the screen How do we move the box toward the right hand side? void draw() { rect(x, y, 100, 75); // draw the box, use x & y for start location x = x + 5; // increase x by 5 (you can try other values) if (x > 500) { // if x is more the 500, it has passed the right side x = 0; // set x back to zero so it goes back to the left } }
- 27. Animation Example - continued But there’s a problem! The box seems to be writing over itself, leaving a trail We need to erase the old box before we draw the new box void draw() { background(255); // redraw the background each time rect(x, y, 100, 75); x = x + 5; if (x > 500) { x = 0; } } You can find the full code listing here http://green.mn/1hszuUZ
- 28. Animation Example 2 – add a twist Instead of the box moving to the right, then appearing back at the left hand side after “dropping off” the right-hand side… Let’s make it “bounce” off of the left side of the canvas, then travel back to the right and “bounce” off of the right side of the canvas, etc. Think about how you would do that…
- 29. Animation Example 2 – continued When the box touches the right-hand side of the canvas, instead of x = x + 5 we need to have x = x – 5 One way to do this is to make the 5 value a variable Then we can change its sign void draw() { background(255); rect(x, y, 100, 75); x = x + step; if (x == 400 || x == 0) { step = step * (-1); } } // “step” variable // if the rectangle touches either side // reverse the sign of “step” You can find the full code listing here http://green.mn/1gBdBCE
- 30. A Little More Advanced: Generative Art A program that draws something differently each time you run it Or it keeps drawing until you stop it Source: Generative Art: A Practical Guide Using Processing, by Matt Pearson
- 31. Tutorials and Resources https://www.processing.org/reference/ http://processing.org/tutorials/ http://hello.processing.org/ http://funprogramming.org/ http://carrot.whitman.edu/IntroProcessing/syllabus.html http://sketchpad.cc
- 32. Questions? These slides will be posted on SlideShare and the link will be provided Contact me on Twitter: @JohnDukovich or @GreenMoonArt Follow this MeetUp: http://www.meetup.com/Kids-and-Technology/