Introduction to Research Research Summer School RSS 2012
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This document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as diligent, systematic inquiry to discover or revise facts and theories. The goal of research is to understand its basic aspects and conduction. Some key points made include that research is done to solve problems, face challenges and gain intellectual joy. Research methodologies include quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches. The scientific method uses deductive and inductive reasoning. Steps in conducting research involve determining a theory, literature review, defining variables, developing hypotheses, participant selection, testing, analysis, determining significance and communicating results. Research is governed by ethical standards.
Introduction to Research Research Summer School RSS 2012
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- 2. INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH WESAM TALAL ABUZNADAH MD MED FRCS(C) RPVI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, CONSULTANT VASCULAR & ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY HEAD, RESEARCH PROMOTION& EDUCATION KING ABDULLAH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER KING SAUD BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES KING ABDULAZIZ MEDICAL CITY -JEDDAH 2
- 3. GOAL Understand the basic aspects of research and its conduction 3
- 4. OUTLINE Introduction and background to research. Why do research….? Strategies of inquiry. Research methodologies. Steps in conducting research. 4
- 5. WHAT IS RESEARCH ?????? 5
- 6. RESEARCH IS…… “DILIGENT AND SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY OR INVESTIGATION INTO A SUBJECT IN ORDER TO DISCOVER OR REVISE FACTS, THEORIES, APPLICA TIONS, ETC.” 6
- 7. IN SIMPLE TERMS…. RESEARCH IS FINDING OUT WHAT YOU DON’T ALREADY KNOW 7
- 8. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH? ORGANIZED STRUCTURED 8
- 9. A WISEMAN ONCE SAID….. “IF YOU HAVEN'T LEARNED MORE THAN YOUR AUDIENCE ALREADY KNOWS, THERE IS NOTHING FOR YOU TO SHARE…………………………. THUS YOU DO RESEARCH” 9
- 10. WHY DO RESEARCH? 10
- 11. WHY DO RESEARCH? • To get a degree • To get respectability • To serve society • To solve a problem • To face a challenge • To get intellectual joy 11
- 12. HISTORY 12
- 14. DEDUCTIVE REASONING Green vegetables are a source of fiber Spinach is a green vegetable Spinach is a source of fiber 14
- 16. INDUCTIVE REASONING Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli are sources of fiber Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli prevent constipation Fiber prevents constipation 16
- 17. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Deductive reasoning Develop a theory Inductive reasoning (to support theory) 17
- 18. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Fiber prevents constipation Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli are sources of fiber Rice, bread, and pasta are poor sources of fiber Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli prevent constipation Rice, bread, and pasta do not prevent constipation Fiber containing foods prevent constipation more than foods which are a poor source of fiber 18
- 19. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY General procedures of research 19
- 20. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods 20
- 21. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods Non-experimental Narratives Sequential designs Phenomenologies Concurrent Experimental designs Ethnographies Grounded theory 21
- 22. METHODS Detailed procedures of data collection, analysis, and writing 22
- 23. Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods • Predetermined • Emerging methods • Both predetermined • Instrument based • Open-ended and emerging questions questions methods • Performance • Interview data, • Both open- and data, observation data, closed-ended observational document data & questions data, audiovisual data and census data • Multiple forms of • Text and image data drawing on all • Statistical analysis possibilities analysis • Statistical & text analysis 23
- 24. STUDY DESIGN 24
- 25. STUDY DESIGN • Systematic review and meta-analysis • Randomized controlled trial • Cohort study • Case-control study • Cross sectional survey • Case report/series 25
- 26. STEPS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH 26
- 27. DETERMINE A THEORY 27
- 28. PERFORM A LITERATURE SEARCH 28
- 29. DEFINE THE VARIABLES 29
- 30. DEVELOP THE HYPOTHESIS 30
- 31. SELECT YOUR PARTICIPANTS 31
- 32. TEST YOUR PARTICIPANTS 32
- 33. ANALYZE THE RESULTS 33
- 34. DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE 34
- 35. COMMUNICATE THE RESULTS 35
- 36. REPLICATE 36
- 37. WHAT GOVERNS RESEARCH? 37
- 38. QUESTIONS 38
- 39. THANK YOU 39
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