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note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Exercises
1.1) Here's just an example of a reasonable response:
(ref. [8] in Chap. 1)
1955 Denavit & Hartenberg developed
methodology for describing linkages.
I961 George Devol patents design of rst robot.
1961 First unimate robot installed.
1968 Shakey Robot developed at S.R.I.
1975 Robot institute of America formed.
1975 Unimation becomes rst Robot Co. to be
protable.
1978 First Puma Robot shipped to GM.
1985 Total U.S. market exceeds 500 million
dollars (annual revenue).
Developments might be split into a technical list
and a business list.
1.2) (Based on 1981 numbers)
Source:
L. Conigliaro, "robotics presentation, institutional
investors conf.", May 28, 1981, Bache Newsletter
81-249.:
• Other - 32.2%
• Palletize/Packaging - 2.8%
• Machining - 6.8%
• Material Handling - 11.8%
[ '|Assembly - 22.4%
• Welding - 23.9%
1.3)
$60
$50
$40
$30
$20
$10
$0
PeopleAre FIeXible,
But More Expensive EveryYear
1999 1997 1974 1981
U.S. Automotive
1988 1995
© 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws
NJ
as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com
s
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1.4) Kinematics is the study of position and derivatives
of position without regard to forces which cause
the motion. Workspace is the locus of positions
and orientations achievable by the end-effector of
a manipulator. Trajectory is a time based function
which specifies the position (and higher deriva­
tives) of the robot mechanism for any value of
time.
1.5) Frame is a coordinate system, usually specified in
position and orientation relative to some imbed­
ding frame. Degrees of freedom is the number
of independent variables which must be specified
in order to completely locate all members of a
(rigid-body) mechanism. Position control implies
the use of a control system, usually in a closed­
loop manner, to control the position of one or
more moving bodies.
1.6) Force control is the use of (usually closed-loop)
algorithms to control the forces of contact gener­
ated when a robot touches its work environment.
A robot programming language is a programming
language intended for use in specifying manipu­
lator actions.
1.7) Structural stiffness is the "K" in F = K	∆X (A.K.A
"Hooke's law") which describes the rigidity of
some structure.Nonlinear control refers to a closed
loop control system in which either the system
to be controlled, or the control algorithm itself is
nonlinear in nature. Off line programming is the
process of creating a program for a device without
access to that device.
1.8) See references. For example, in 1985 average labor
costs of $15 to $20 per hour are reasonable (depending
how fringe benefits are calculated).
1.9) Obviously it has increased dramatically. Recently
(1988-1990) the ratio doubles or even triples each
year.
1.10) See Figure 1.3, but use latest data you can find.
2
© 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws
NJ
as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com
s
m
t
b
5
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0
0
@
g
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Chapter 1 Solutions for Introduction to Robotics
1.11 do the following seven times {
playerCounter = 1
do the following four times {
open gripper
move to P_deck
c l o s e gripper
move to P_playerCounter
playerCounter = playerCounter + 1
} // end four−times loop
} // end seven−times loop
2. Mechanical manipulators: welding robots on automotive assembly lines, wafer-handling
robots in semiconductor manufacturing, parallel-platform robots for flight simulators Fixed
automation machines: container filling at bottling plant; automatic car wash; printing,
cutting, and folding of newspapers
3. A rigid body in space has six degrees of freedom. It’s free to translate in three directions
and to independently rotate about each of those three axes.
1.14.
A
P3 = sin(π/6)
[
|
|
3
1
5
]
|
| + cos(π/3)
[
|
|
2
6
9
]
|
| =
[
|
|
2∙5
3∙5
7∙0
]
|
|
5. Below are some possible considerations when using motors at joints
Pros:
• Simple design
• Low maintenance requirement
Cons:
• More moving mass → larger motors required
• Greater inertia effects
© 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws
NJ
as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com
s
m
t
b
5
0
0
0
@
g
m
a
i
l
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c
o
m

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Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control 4th Edition by John J. Craig Solution Manual.pdf

  • 1. note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com s m t b 5 0 0 0 @ g m a i l . c o m
  • 2. Chapter 1 Introduction Exercises 1.1) Here's just an example of a reasonable response: (ref. [8] in Chap. 1) 1955 Denavit & Hartenberg developed methodology for describing linkages. I961 George Devol patents design of rst robot. 1961 First unimate robot installed. 1968 Shakey Robot developed at S.R.I. 1975 Robot institute of America formed. 1975 Unimation becomes rst Robot Co. to be protable. 1978 First Puma Robot shipped to GM. 1985 Total U.S. market exceeds 500 million dollars (annual revenue). Developments might be split into a technical list and a business list. 1.2) (Based on 1981 numbers) Source: L. Conigliaro, "robotics presentation, institutional investors conf.", May 28, 1981, Bache Newsletter 81-249.: • Other - 32.2% • Palletize/Packaging - 2.8% • Machining - 6.8% • Material Handling - 11.8% [ '|Assembly - 22.4% • Welding - 23.9% 1.3) $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 PeopleAre FIeXible, But More Expensive EveryYear 1999 1997 1974 1981 U.S. Automotive 1988 1995 © 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws NJ as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com s m t b 5 0 0 0 @ g m a i l . c o m
  • 3. 1.4) Kinematics is the study of position and derivatives of position without regard to forces which cause the motion. Workspace is the locus of positions and orientations achievable by the end-effector of a manipulator. Trajectory is a time based function which specifies the position (and higher deriva­ tives) of the robot mechanism for any value of time. 1.5) Frame is a coordinate system, usually specified in position and orientation relative to some imbed­ ding frame. Degrees of freedom is the number of independent variables which must be specified in order to completely locate all members of a (rigid-body) mechanism. Position control implies the use of a control system, usually in a closed­ loop manner, to control the position of one or more moving bodies. 1.6) Force control is the use of (usually closed-loop) algorithms to control the forces of contact gener­ ated when a robot touches its work environment. A robot programming language is a programming language intended for use in specifying manipu­ lator actions. 1.7) Structural stiffness is the "K" in F = K ∆X (A.K.A "Hooke's law") which describes the rigidity of some structure.Nonlinear control refers to a closed loop control system in which either the system to be controlled, or the control algorithm itself is nonlinear in nature. Off line programming is the process of creating a program for a device without access to that device. 1.8) See references. For example, in 1985 average labor costs of $15 to $20 per hour are reasonable (depending how fringe benefits are calculated). 1.9) Obviously it has increased dramatically. Recently (1988-1990) the ratio doubles or even triples each year. 1.10) See Figure 1.3, but use latest data you can find. 2 © 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws NJ as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com s m t b 5 0 0 0 @ g m a i l . c o m
  • 4. Chapter 1 Solutions for Introduction to Robotics 1.11 do the following seven times { playerCounter = 1 do the following four times { open gripper move to P_deck c l o s e gripper move to P_playerCounter playerCounter = playerCounter + 1 } // end four−times loop } // end seven−times loop 2. Mechanical manipulators: welding robots on automotive assembly lines, wafer-handling robots in semiconductor manufacturing, parallel-platform robots for flight simulators Fixed automation machines: container filling at bottling plant; automatic car wash; printing, cutting, and folding of newspapers 3. A rigid body in space has six degrees of freedom. It’s free to translate in three directions and to independently rotate about each of those three axes. 1.14. A P3 = sin(π/6) [ | | 3 1 5 ] | | + cos(π/3) [ | | 2 6 9 ] | | = [ | | 2∙5 3∙5 7∙0 ] | | 5. Below are some possible considerations when using motors at joints Pros: • Simple design • Low maintenance requirement Cons: • More moving mass → larger motors required • Greater inertia effects © 2005, 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws NJ as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. note : All chapters via E-mail only smtb5000@gmail.com s m t b 5 0 0 0 @ g m a i l . c o m