Introduction to Software Defined Networking and OpenStack Neutron
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Virtualization allows for more efficient use of server resources by running multiple virtual machines on a single physical server. This is done through the use of a hypervisor which creates isolated virtual machines, each with their own operating system and applications. Networking in virtualized environments is enabled through software-defined networking which decouples the network control and forwarding functions from the underlying hardware, allowing for centralized programmatic control of network resources. Neutron is OpenStack's networking component that provides software-defined networking capabilities like network provisioning and virtual port management.
Introduction to Software Defined Networking and OpenStack Neutron
- 1. by Akanksha Agrawal and Sana Khan
- 3. A server is a collection of hardware resources that are accessed by an OS through specialized drivers. These resources can be: ● CPU processor ● RAM (or memory) ● Storage ● Network Interface Card (NIC)
- 4. In a virtualized server: ● there is an added layer called the Hypervisor. ● there are multiple isolated VMs running its own operating system and applications.
- 5. ● Underutilization, inefficient usage of servers. ● Server Proliferation. ● Wastage of space, power, high costs of cooling the environment incurred by the data centers.
- 6. ● Availability ● Virtualization results in a much better disaster recovery capability. ● Fault tolerance ● Ease in Migration ● Flexibility ● Huge decrease in the time it takes to provision new applications. ● Promote standardization.
- 7. ● Virtualization is a methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments. ● Virtualization decouples the application and operating system from the server hardware.
- 10. ● Application based addressing is based on where that physical server is located. ● The MAC address is associated with the physical server.
- 13. ● Create logical, virtual networks that are decoupled from the underlying network hardware. ● Ensure the network can better integrate with and support increasingly virtual environments. ● Creates a logical software-based view of the networking resources (switches, routers, etc.)
- 14. Networking as a Service
- 15. ● Switching ● Routing ● Load Balancing ( LBaaS ) ● Firewalling ( FWaaS ) ● etc
- 16. ● Network (CRUD) ● Subnet (CRUD) ● Port (CRUD)
- 17. ● neutron net-create neutron subnet-create ● neutron net-list neutron subnet-list ● neutron net-update neutron subnet-show ● neutron net-delete neutron subnet-update neutron subnet-delete ● neutron port-create ● neutron port-list ● neutron port-show ● neutron port-update ● neutron port-delete http://docs.openstack.org/cli-reference/neutron.html
- 18. 1. Create a network. 2. Create a subnet and associate it with the network. 3. Boot the virtual machine instance and specify the network. 4. Nova interfaces with Neutron to create a port on the network. 5. Neutron assigns a MAC address and IP address to the newly created port using attributes defined by the subnet. 6. Nova starts the instance. 7. The instance sends a DHCP request during boot, at which point, the DHCP server responds with the IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the instance.
- 19. The main components are: ● Neutron Server ● Plugins ● Plugin Agents ● Message Queue ● Database ● DHCP Agent ● L3 Agent
- 21. ● Neutron receives a request to connect VM to a new network.
- 23. ● Local ● Flat ● VLAN ● VXLAN
- 29. . . . the Switch/Router has to figure out what to do with the packet. Switches and Routers have two logical planes of functions: ● Control Plane / Forwarding Plane: the logic that determines how traffic is handled. ● Data Plane: the actual moving of packets from one network interface to another.
- 30. ● In case of network changes, each device needs to be configured individually. ● Different vendors have different control plane logic.
- 31. ● Decouple the control plane (software) from the data plane (hardware). ● Provide centralized control and enjoy the benefits of a programmable network. ● OpenFlow: protocol that allows centralized management to take place.
- 33. ● ovs-vsctl command (Configuring OpenvSwitch) ● ovs-ofctl command (Adding flow rules with OpenFlow)
- 34. ● SDN and NFV Simplified: A Visual Guide to Understanding Software Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization By: Jim Doherty ● OpenStack Networking Essentials By: James Denton ● Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron) - Second Edition By: James Denton