Introduction To Web Accessibility
Download as PPTX, PDF11 likes12,459 views
The document discusses web accessibility, including: 1. Web accessibility refers to making websites usable for all people with disabilities or impairments through principles like perceivability, operability, understandability and robustness. 2. Guidelines for web accessibility come from organizations like the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative and laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act to ensure usability for people who are blind, deaf, have motor impairments and more. 3. Fifteen million people in the US are visually impaired and over 20 million are deaf or hard of hearing, demonstrating the importance of accessibility for a significant portion of website users.
Introduction To Web Accessibility
- 1. Introduction to web accessibilitySteven M. SwaffordRadical Development
- 2. Why Web Accessibility?It’s The LawAmericans with Disabilities Act, 1996Rehabilitation Act, 1998It’s the RIGHT thing to do.Not easy; not free
- 3. Goals of Web AccessibilityImprove the usability of technology for all technology users through Universal Design as an underlying approach. Address accessibility challenges consistently over time. Foster collaboration.
- 4. Accessible Technology For AllThe goal is universal design that is integrated and equal: Don’t make disabled people use a different Web structure but make it so they can use it too.Dan Fruchterman, Engineer’s Focus: Accessible Technology for All
- 5. Web Accessibility OverviewWeb Accessibility Refers To The Inclusive Practice Of Making Websites Usable For People Of All Abilities And DisabilitiesWell Designed And Developed Sites Provide All Users Access To Information And FunctionalityThe Assistive Needs That Web Accessibility Attempts To Address Include:VisualMotor/MobilityAuditorySeizuresCognitive/Intellectual
- 6. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)Web Accessibility InitiativeGuidelines for:Aiding disabled audience
- 7. Aiding agent-type supportThe World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is committed to promoting usability for people with disabilitiesUniversal access for everyone.Must take into account user agents other than browsers: mobile phones, PDAs, screen readers and magnifiers, etc.
- 8. W3C Accessibility GuidelinesProvide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content Don't rely on color aloneUse markup and style sheets and do so properly Clarify natural language usage Create tables that transform gracefullyEnsure that pages featuring new technologies transform gracefullyEnsure user control of time-sensitive content changesProvide context and orientation information Provide clear navigation mechanismsEnsure that documents are clear and simple
- 9. Accessibility Principles“Perceivable”Alternative text and “text only” website equivalentsSupports assistive technologies (JAWS)Text and audio transcripts for video and audio featuresRemove reliance on shape, size, location, color, or sound to navigate“Operable”Use of keyboard alternative for site navigationNo action “timeouts”Eliminate automatic “redirects” and other content changesEliminate blinking screen features at certain rates (seizures)Alternative ways of finding other site pages (Table of Contents, Site Map)
- 10. Accessibility Principles, cont’d“Understandable”Identification of multi-lingual sectionsGlossaries for acronyms and unusual termsIdentified page focus points as they change (for assistive technologies)Consistent functionality presented consistently across pagesIntuitive and clear definition of input requirements and error messages“Robust” Supports plug ins, scripts, applets and other current and future user agentsAccessibility of PDFs and other file types to assistive technologies
- 11. Important Facts15,000,000Number of visually impaired people in the United States28,000,000Number people in the United States with some amount of hearing lossSeptember 6, 2006A federal district court judge rules that a retailer may be sued if its website is inaccessible to the blind. (NFB v. Target)
- 12. Visual Barriers can includeImages (still or animated)Video & Visual elements“Downloadable” files w/pluginsInconsistent navigation or content Lack of adequate Color Contrast Certain color combinations
- 13. Sound Barriers can includeVideo or audioLack of transcript or captioning w/narrative“Downloadable” files Auditory stimulus that does not provide an alternative
- 14. the ChallengeIn the United States, over 8 million people are blind or visually impaired There were over 20 million deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States in 1994; of these about a million cannot understand any speech Over a quarter of a million Americans have spinal cord injuries About half a million Americans have cerebral palsy A third of a million Americans have multiple sclerosis
- 15. Investigating withinHow many people are expected to make use of the technology? Is it likely to be used again in the future, or repeatedly? Is it available publicly, or only to a pre‐determined audience? Is it required to be used for academic or institutional purposes?
- 16. Checklist for building your siteManual checking: how does site work with:Images turned offSound turned offLarger than normal font sizesSmall screen resolutionBlack and white displayWithout a mouse
- 17. Validating your sitesCheck with a semi-automatic accessibility checker:Wave BobbySyntax check HTML through W3C validatorsDo user testing
- 18. The effect of agePhysical impairments, minor and major, become more common with the passing yearsMore than half of the population in the United States over the age of 65 has some kind of impairmentThis is a rapidly growing group; in the year 2000, there were 34.8 million people over 65, a number projected to be 53.7 million by 2020
- 19. What is a Screen reader?Narrates (reads aloud) the text on the screenImportant considerations:HTML tables must not be used to control layout: doing so makes the narration difficult to understandHTML tables used to display tabular material need additional markup to make the meaning clear
- 20. Closed captioningCommon web accessibility guidelines indicate that captions should be:Synchronized- the text content should appear at approximately the same time that audio would be availableEquivalent- content provided in captions should be equivalent to that of the spoken wordAccessible- caption content should be readily accessible and available to those who need
- 22. Accessibility In A NutshellAn Accessible Website Is One That Can Be Used By Disabled People As Easily As By The Non-disabled.Web Accessibility Means That People With Disabilities Can Perceive, Understand, Navigate, And Interact With The Web
- 23. Get Plugged InKeep An Eyes On The WC3 Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)Review The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Section 508
- 24. Additional ResourcesWC3 Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Section 508How To Meet WCAG 2.0WebAIM Screen Reader SimulationGuidelines for Accessible, Usable Web Sites With Screen ReadersVoluntary Product Accessibility TemplateWC3 Complete List of Web Accessibility Evaluation ToolsSection 508: Opening Doors To IT
- 25. Conclusion