Introduction tohydrology b
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The document discusses water and energy budgets. It explains that a budget represents the variation of a given quantity within a control volume over a time interval, and is the algebraic sum of inputs and outputs. It provides examples of water budgets for soil volumes and atmospheric layers, accounting for precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and other fluxes. It also discusses the components of an energy budget, including net radiation, heat conduction, heat of vaporization and more.
Introduction tohydrology b
- 1. A. Tack - Time and Timeslessnness Space Time Riccardo Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 2. River Networks 2 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 3. River Networks 3 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 4. River Networks 4 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 5. River Networks 5 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 6. River Networks 6 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 7. http://www.meteotriveneto.it/static/ClimaVeneto.php R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13 Scales and patterns 7
- 8. Scales and patterns meteotriveneto.it/static/ClimaVeneto.php 8 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 9. Scales and patterns 9 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 10. Scales and patterns F. Serafin, 2011 10 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 11. Scales and patterns F. Serafin, 2011 11 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 12. Scales and patterns F. Serafin, 2011 12 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 13. Scales and patterns F. Serafin, 2011 13 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 14. Function and Form 14 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 15. Function and Form 15 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 16. Hillslopes Sub-catchments 16 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 17. Smaller scales Pixel Scale 17 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 18. Smaller scales And even smaller 18 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 19. Mass and energy Bruno Munari - Ara Pacis Riccardo Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 20. The water and energy budget Budgets First you chose a control volume Depending on the budget type, The budget represent you have also to account for the variation of the given chemical transformations, quantity in the control including phase changes. volume , for a given time interval. This is the algebraic sum of what enters minus what left the volume. 20 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 21. The water and energy budget The water budget Surface Vadose zone Water tables 21 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 22. The water and energy budget The water budget In the previous slides surface runoff, flow in soils, and groundawater fluxes were still missing. 22 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 23. The water and energy budget The water budget Eapotranspiration is also missing. This is the sum of evaporation from surface waters, evaporation from soils, and transpiration from plants (grass, bushes, trees). 23 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 24. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Groundwat er runoff 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 25. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Variation of the volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil er runoff 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 26. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Variation of the volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil Intensity of er runoff precipitation 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 27. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Evapotranspiration Variation of the volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil Intensity of er runoff precipitation 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 28. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Surface runoff Evapotranspiration Variation of the volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil Intensity of er runoff precipitation 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 29. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Surface runoff EvapotranspirationRunoff in Variation of the the soil volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil Intensity of er runoff precipitation 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 30. The water and energy budget The water budget in a soil volume Surface runoff EvapotranspirationRunoff in Variation of the the soil volume of water within the volume of Groundwat soil Intensity of er runoff precipitation Time step 24 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 31. The water and energy budget The water budget The control volume does not need to be a simple form: a basins, for instance, is a typical control volume. 25 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 32. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples Control volume 26 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 33. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples 27 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 34. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples Qg 27 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 35. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples Qg 27 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 36. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples Qg 27 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 37. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples 28 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 38. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di massa Altri esempi 29 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 39. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di massa Altri esempi 29 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 40. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di massa Altri esempi 29 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 41. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di massa Altri esempi 29 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 42. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples 30 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 43. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples 30 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 44. The water and energy budget The water budget Examples 30 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 45. The water and energy budget The mass balance for a volume of atmosphere above the soil subsurface runoff Lateral advection of vapour and water S u r f a c e runoff 31 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 46. The water and energy budget The mass balance for a volume of atmosphere above the soil subsurface runoff Lateral Variation of water advection of and vapour in the vapour and layer of atmosphere water considered S u r f a c e runoff 31 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 47. The water and energy budget The mass balance for a volume of atmosphere above the soil Intensity of net evaporation subsurface runoff Lateral Variation of water advection of and vapour in the vapour and layer of atmosphere water considered S u r f a c e runoff 31 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 48. Il bilancio di massa ed energia The Energy budget The first group of term in the energy budget is the radiation budget. It includes short wave radiation from the Sun; and long wave radiation: from atmosphere and clouds to the atmosphere. 32 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 49. The water and energy budget The Energy budget Precipitation too enters in the budget, which, for instance, can contribute to snowmelt. Heat flux towards the Earth center depends on the depth of the control volume, and can be either positive or negative. 33 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 50. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di energia Finally we have also evapotraspiration, and heat exchanges by convention from surface and atmosphere. 34 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 51. The water and energy budget Il bilancio di energia E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t 35 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 52. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Time interval 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 53. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Time interval Variation of energy stored in the soil 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 54. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Net short-wave radiation Time interval Variation of energy stored in the soil 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 55. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Net short-wave radiation Time interval Variation of energy Net long-wave stored in the soil radiation 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 56. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Net short-wave radiation Time interval Variation of energy Net long-wave stored in the soil radiation Release of heat by convection / conduction to the atmosphere 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 57. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Net short-wave Heat content of radiation evapotranspiration Time interval Variation of energy Net long-wave stored in the soil radiation Release of heat by convection / conduction to the atmosphere 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 58. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Net short-wave Heat content of radiation evapotranspiration Time interval Variation of energy Net long-wave stored in the soil radiation Release of heat Release of heat by convection / by convection / conduction to conduction to the atmosphere ground below 36 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13
- 59. The water and energy budget The energy balance E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t Evapotranspiration Enthalpy of vaporisation (or latent heat of vaporisation) 37 R. Rigon Monday, March 11, 13