Introduction_to_Data_Structure_and _arrays.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Data Structures Definition: A data structure is a specialized format for organizing, processing, retrieving, and storing data. Importance: Efficient data structures are key to designing efficient algorithms and managing large amounts of data. Types: Linear and Non-linear data structures.
- 2. Types of Data Structures Linear Data Structures: Array: A collection of elements identified by index or key. Linked List: Elements connected by pointers. Stack: Follows LIFO order; operations are performed at one end. Queue: Follows FIFO order; operations are performed at both ends. Non-linear Data Structures: Tree: Hierarchical structure with a root and child nodes. Graph: Consists of vertices and edges.
- 3. Arrays Definition: A collection of elements, each identified by an array index. Characteristics: Fixed size, same data type elements. Operations: Accessing (O(1)), Insertion (O(n)), Deletion (O(n)), Searching (O(n)).
- 4. Linked Lists Definition: A sequence of elements where each element points to the next one. Types: Singly Linked List: Each node points to the next node. Doubly Linked List: Each node points to both the next and previous nodes. Circular Linked List: The last node points back to the first node. Operations: Insertion, Deletion, Traversal.
- 5. Stacks and Queues Stack: Definition: A linear structure that follows LIFO order. Operations: Push (add), Pop (remove), Peek (view top). Applications: Function call management, Undo mechanism in editors.